What you need to know to make septic tanks for your home or cottage

It should be borne in mind that there is no universal device used as a local sewage treatment system for a home or cottage. Knowledge of the design features of various types of septic tanks and the cleaning technologies used will allow you to choose an effective construction option, reduce material costs for its construction and subsequent operation.

Purpose and operation of a septic tank

Operating a septic tank may be the only option for treating wastewater in the absence of a central sewer system. The technology of the installation process is based on the separation of the sewage liquid into fractions using the method of sedimentation and anaerobic decomposition. Next, the clarified wastewater is pumped out by a sewage disposal machine or subjected to the stage of aerobic biological processing with disposal into the ground.

The type and design of a septic tank for a dacha or home directly depend on such hydrogeological and operational factors as:

1. Groundwater level on the site. It is recommended to build septic tanks without pumping if the groundwater is at a depth of >1 meter from the bottom of the filter well (field).
2. The level of soil freezing in the area. Installation containers and wiring must be located below the freezing depth or provided with insulation in order to protect against heaving forces in winter.
3. Composition of the soil on the site. It is allowed to install septic tanks without pumping only in sandy soils or sandy loams. Loams and clays allow little or no liquid to pass through. In this case, as an option, it is necessary to provide for the drainage of liquid from the installation through pipes into drains. In this case, treatment before discharge onto the landscape should be 95-98%.
4. Relief of the site. Treatment facilities must be built closer to the lower elevation of the territory if the site has a slope.
5. The number and time of people living in a country house or in a house. Sanitary standards for water consumption of one family member when using a well or borehole are 50-150 liters/day, excluding consumption for the bathroom and washing machine. The volume of the septic tank is calculated for a 3-day reserve. For example, for a comfortable permanent residence of a family of 3 people, a septic tank of 150 * 3 * 3 = 1.35 m3 is needed.

What happens inside a septic tank

Gravity cleaning technology is based on the settling of heavy impurities to the bottom of the settling tank with the formation of a layer of sludge and flotation (floating upward) of light and colloidal fractions. During the settling time between the layers, a liquid is formed with a degree of purification (clarification) of 50-60%, which passes through the pipe into the next section of the septic tank or filter well.

Biological treatment processes are based on anaerobic (oxygen-free) fermentation and aerobic post-treatment. Bacteria involved in bioprocesses feed on organic sewage waste. At the same time, the process of decay of organic matter occurs with the release of heat, methane and the formation of silt sediment at the bottom of the sections. Methane is removed through a ventilation pipe, and the sludge is periodically pumped out by a sewage disposal unit. To maintain the vital activity of aerobic bacteria in energy-dependent septic tanks, oxygen is supplied through aerators.

Even if the degree of wastewater treatment reaches 98%, unauthorized discharge into natural water bodies is prohibited. To do this, you must obtain permission from local environmental organizations.

Review of popular septic tanks

The market offers a variety of models of treatment facilities. Here you can choose the most successful option that can satisfy the needs of a particular summer resident. All septic tanks can be divided into:

• non-volatile;
• volatile.

The first ones - non-volatile - are advisable to use in conditions of unstable power supply or if you want to do without these costs.

These include storage tanks and septic tanks, which purify wastewater through the separation of soluble and insoluble components.

Energy-dependent options generally consume a small amount of electricity. Many owners note a very small increase in monthly energy bills.

This group of septic tanks uses aerators and pumping devices, which ensures the highest degree of cleaning.

Even the simplest equipment requires proper installation and connection to the sewerage system

If we look at specific models, we can identify the most popular among users. Moreover, according to reviews from both seasonal summer residents and permanent residents, all septic tanks have proven themselves to be the best. The ratio of the quality of work and the money paid for them is quite acceptable.

According to the number of satisfied consumers and positive reviews, the following septic tanks can be distinguished:

• Greenlaws;
• Tank;
• Triton;
• Tver;
• Unilos Astra;
• Topas;
• Poplar;
• Leader;
• Eurobion.

Buyers recognize the most popular models as Greenlos, Tank, Astra, Topas. Moreover, the first model is energy independent. It also has a favorable price and ease of installation.

All 4 options are distinguished by their compactness, light weight, ease of installation, high level of wastewater treatment to the state of industrial water and the possibility of independent maintenance.

The range of septic tanks with biological wastewater treatment, such as Unilos Astra, is designed for a different number of users, both a family of 2-3 people, and for an entire street of 35-40 residents

Tank and Triton are non-volatile. The remaining models above are dependent on electricity.

Regarding the volume of the tank and the number of chambers for waste treatment, each manufacturer has several variations to suit customer needs.

For example, Unilos can offer a solution for a cottage community of 150 people - this is the Astra 150 model.

Septic tank: advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of using a local cleaning complex:

1. Significant operational resource. A complex without pumping, with proper operation, operates for 10 - 12 years without any special maintenance costs, unlike cesspools or storage tanks, which need to be periodically called for pumping.
2. Energy independence - no connection required for aeration module compressors or sludge scrapers.
3. Easy care. In addition, the complex without pumping is not afraid of frost, it does not require conservation in the event of a long absence of the owners in winter.

Disadvantages of septic tanks:

1. Periodic cleaning of sludge deposits and other solids in tanks.
2. Pumping water if the soil permeability in the area is insufficient.
3. When using intensive biological treatment, it is necessary to aerate the liquid to maintain bacterial activity. The complex includes an aeration reactor. A forced aeration compressor supplies air under pressure to the appropriate container of the complex. The solution is saturated with oxygen, the activity of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria increases, and the organic mass of sewage waste is processed faster. The air supply additionally provides ventilation of the reactor. This makes the installation energy-dependent and requires human participation, which is not desirable for seasonal living in the country.
4. Installing a reliable cleaning cycle with a septic tank and filtration fields will require a lot of space, which limits the use of such structures on plots of 6-10 acres.

1. A septic tank without pumping cannot be installed when the groundwater level is high.

Distance from fence

The septic tank should not create inconvenience to others. In this regard, the distance from the septic tank to the neighbors’ fence is at least 2 m.

If your fence faces a road with active traffic, then the distance to the road should be 5 m or more, because Vibrations from vehicle traffic can break the seal of the septic tank, which can lead to contamination of groundwater and soil. Structures that are constructed from several parts are more susceptible to this, for example a septic tank made of concrete rings or tires . At the same time, a septic tank made from Eurocubes will be more reliable, or factory-made structures , which are usually solid.

Placement of treatment facilities on site

According to the environmental laws of the Russian Federation, every person is assigned the right to live in an environmentally friendly environment. On the other hand, every citizen is obliged to maintain the environment and prevent soil and groundwater pollution.

The choice of location of a cesspool or septic tank on the site is carried out in accordance with the norms and rules of SP 53.13330-2010 (SNiP 30-02-97*). The correct choice of septic tank design for a private home and placement of the device will allow you to avoid problems with SES inspectors and keep the environment clean for your family and neighbors living nearby.

According to the new rules SP 53 (SNiP 30-02-97* clause 8.7), the construction of cesspools is allowed only after agreement with local SES authorities.

Sanitary zones recommended by SNiP:

1. From the foundation of the house to the septic tank - 4 m.
2. To other permanent buildings on the site > 2m.
3. To the artesian well > 30 m.
4. To wells > 8 m.
5. From tree trunks - 4m, bushes - 1m.
6. To the border with the neighboring plot >4m.
7. From the red line > 3m with the arrangement of an entrance to the manhole of the structure for pumping out waste using a sewer truck.

A septic tank with a high groundwater level can contaminate the ground and soil. If sanitary distances are not observed, plants die, metal supply pipes corrode, water in wells and the air above the surrounding area become polluted.

When the size of the plot does not allow the sanitary standards recommended by SNiP to be met, it is necessary to coordinate the location of the septic tank with the SES, the architecture department of the administration, and obtain permission from the neighbors. You may have to settle for a large-capacity sealed storage tank.

Location of the septic tank along the slope of the site

This is also an important nuance that is overlooked when installing an autonomous sewer system without the involvement of specialists. The septic tank on the site should be located so that the surface slope goes up in relation to the house and water intake points. In simpler and more understandable terms, to install the intake manifold you should try to choose the lowest place in the yard.

This issue should not be neglected for the simple reason that liquid tends to move more actively to where the level is lower. Accordingly, even if we take into account the recommended five-meter distance from the house, if the location is incorrect relative to the slope, moisture from the septic tank will sooner or later reach the soil under the building. What this threatens is described above.

Types of septic tanks for a private home or cottage

Local treatment facilities for a dacha or home are selected based on the following criteria:

• the size of a summer cottage or personal plot;
• the number of people living in a private house or country house;
• seasonality of installation use;
• features of hydrogeological conditions (groundwater level), soil composition at the installation site of the device, depth of seasonal freezing;
• the possibility of discharging treated wastewater into nearby bodies of water, onto the landscape, and organizing soil treatment;
• required degree of purification;
• Possibility of connecting to electricity;
• estimated costs for installing a septic tank and its subsequent operation;
• consideration of options for factory-made or self-made installations.

Storage type installations

These are the simplest structures, consisting of one sealed container. The principle of the purification process (sedimentation) is the gravitational separation of wastewater into heavy particles that precipitate as sludge, and light floating fractions.

When making a storage tank yourself, various materials are used - brick, concrete, iron, reinforced concrete rings, wood, car tires. However, the best option is to use factory-made plastic containers. The main requirement for a storage tank is tightness, and its volume is determined based on the frequency of calls to the sewer truck for pumping.

The shape of the sump is not regulated. It depends on the size of the area and the depth of soil freezing. It is recommended to bury tanks and sewerage network connections to them below the freezing depth, and also to additionally insulate them. The outlet for pumping must have a sealed lid with a diameter that allows the pumping hose to be released freely.

A storage tank can also be installed after a septic tank to collect liquid that has already undergone clarification, for example, when the filtration capacity of the soil is weak. This liquid is used for irrigation or is pumped out over time.

Double-circuit septic tanks without pumping

Simple local treatment facilities without pumping consist of two reservoirs. The process of treating sewage in such septic tanks takes place in three stages.

At the first stage, sewage flows through pipes into the first tank, where fractions are separated into heavy and light. The settled water enters the second section.

The second tank is made with an open bottom, covered with layers of gravel with fractions of 25-40 mm and coarse sand without impurities. Water passes through gravel, sand, is further purified, and seeps into the ground. In order to increase the productivity of the treatment plant, the system includes filtration fields or cassettes that increase the filtration area.

The shape and size of the tanks are determined by the design capacity of the treatment system. Double-circuit systems are subject to the same location and installation rules as storage tanks. The ratio of the volumes of the first and second containers is recommended to be 3:1.

Double-circuit septic tanks can be made from large-sized factory containers or with your own hands from brick, concrete, metal, or precast reinforced concrete. The requirements for tightness remain the same. It is recommended to treat the inner surface of brick and concrete containers, seams, joints, and pipe passage openings using the gunite method. This will significantly increase the sealing and service life of the tanks.

Three-section septic tanks

In such a septic tank, a biological one is added to the gravitational treatment system. These facilities are called treatment plants. During biological treatment, activated sludge with bacteria that feed on the organic components of sewage waste is loaded into tank 2.

To ensure the vital activity of bacteria, aerators are installed at the bottom of the biological treatment tank. Through them, the compressor forcibly pumps air and saturates the liquid with oxygen necessary for bacteria. The dimensions and material of manufacture are similar to double-circuit septic tanks.

Complete wastewater treatment plants

The industry produces stations that include, in addition to gravitational and biological, dosed chemical cleaning. Such stations can be configured to meet any SES requirements - the wastewater after them can be guaranteed to be discharged into a lake or river.

Fully automated pre-fabricated installations are designed for integration into the “smart home” system. Built-in sensors of the automated control system monitor every stage of the work process. The program makes a decision to stop in case of a failure or emergency, and issues a message to the phone when a problem occurs.

What do you make septic tanks from?

You can make a local cleaning complex yourself. Many available building materials are suitable for this, for example:

• monolithic concrete,
• reinforced concrete slabs,
• concrete rings,
• brick,
• eurocubes made of plastic.

More exotic and simple options are also possible. For example, a septic tank made from barrels at the dacha, made with your own hands according to your own design, or a tank made from car tires. The main thing is to follow the rules, the requirements of SNiP, and you also need to have some skills in construction.

Factory-ready septic tanks

To set up a local purification system at a dacha or in the garden of a private house, the best option is to purchase a ready-made industrial production complex. Foreign and Russian manufacturers produce products of any size and type required by performance calculations, with a wide selection of materials and components.

The top five well-known manufacturers in Russia include the following brands:

• BioDekc,
• Rostok,
• Biotank,
• Eurolos,
• Aster.

Purchasing a septic tank directly from a reputable manufacturer or its sales representative is on favorable terms. The company will provide a range of services - delivery of equipment, design, installation and commissioning. The buyer will only have to accept the finished treatment facilities with an official guarantee.

Septic tank accumulating waste water

When your country house is not yet equipped with a sewer system, the simplest option for summer living is an accumulation septic tank, which is an absolutely sealed drain tank, which makes them environmentally friendly, allowing the operation of such structures near reservoirs and water wells. Also, the installation of such systems is not affected by the depth of groundwater flow. The ease of installation and the low weight of the product are advantages of such structures.

But there is also a fly in the ointment in this whole barrel of honey - no cleaning process is carried out in such storage tanks, and filling the tank can happen quite quickly, for which you will have to call a fecal machine to empty the tank.

Storage tank "Bars"

Typically, such septic tanks are made from plastic, fiberglass, and metal. The volume varies from 1000 to 100,000 liters. Among the factory models, the most popular brands are “FloTenk-EN”, “Baikal-EN”, “Triton-N”, “Bars-N”, and some independently produce similar structures from reinforced concrete products in the shape of circles.

The advantages include:

• A fairly environmentally friendly septic tank due to its tightness. The drains do not come into contact with the surrounding soil;
• small weight of the structure;
• the strong frame of the tank makes it resistant to immediate sewage discharges;
• the septic tank does not require additional filtration elements for wastewater treatment;
• installation of such a station is possible in any place convenient for the owner, taking into account only the convenience of access for the fecal machine;
• ease of assembly and availability of materials;
• long service life.

Disadvantage: as soon as the station is overflowing with sewage, the need for the services of a sewage pumping machine arises. However, if you have a fecal compressor on your farm, you can do this work yourself.

How to make a septic tank without pumping with your own hands

A simple septic tank design is not difficult to make with your own hands. To do this, you must take into account the above recommendations.

1. Calculate the required volume and productivity of the installation according to sanitary consumption standards.
2. Choose a location for installation based on the size of the sanitary areas. If the size of the site does not allow you to comply with official requirements, coordinate the installation position with the SES, district administration, and neighbors.
3. Drill a well at the calculated location and take a core. Find out the depth of groundwater, examine the composition of the soil from the core in the laboratory. In the architecture department, find out the depth of soil freezing.
4. Based on the data obtained, determine the possible type of septic tank and its planting depth. Make a scaled sketch drawing of the selected type of septic tank, a plan of supply pipelines and other facilities of the complex.
5. Decide whether to purchase factory-made containers or materials for constructing the structure yourself.
6. Dig a pit to the design depth with a plan size 300-400 mm larger than the septic tank section. If the pit depth is > 1 meter, take into account the slopes of natural soil collapse.
7. In the case of a monolithic structure, assemble the formwork and reinforce the walls and bottom of the tank. Don't forget to install sleeves under the pipes. The overflow pipe into the next container should be located 3/4 of the height from the bottom of the container. Concrete the walls and bottom at the same time to create a monolithic structure. After the concrete has set (>14 days), remove the formwork, make external waterproofing, install pipelines, backfill. Mount the floor slab with the hatch.
8. When constructing a container from prefabricated concrete rings or bricks, the bottom is concreted first. The joints of concrete rings, the bottom, and liner insertions are treated with shotcrete. Brick walls are completely shotcrete. The next container is mounted 30 - 40 cm lower, and layers of crushed stone and coarse sand are poured along the bottom.

For tricks of installing tanks and other structures of the complex, see the following videos:

A properly and efficiently installed septic tank will help ensure comfort and coziness in your home for many years. After all, local treatment facilities, with proper operation and maintenance, are in no way inferior to centralized wastewater disposal systems in terms of convenience for the consumer.

Normative base

Safety of human life and environmental protection are pressing issues of our time, which are regulated by legislative acts and regulations. Septic tanks are potentially dangerous objects from an environmental point of view. The norms and rules that must be followed during design are set out in the following documents:

• SNiP 2.04.03-85; SNiP 2.04.01-85; SNiP 2.04.04-84 (construction of external sewer networks and structures; construction of internal and external water supply networks).
• SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03; SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 (sanitary protection zones near potentially environmentally hazardous objects; cleanliness of surface waters).

Before you plan your sewer system, you need to have an idea of ​​what you can and cannot do.

Installation of a septic tank in clay soil

The ability to process water in loamy soils is 2 times lower than in sandy loam soil. The depth of the clay layer is rarely more than 2-3 m thick. Before constructing wells, it is necessary to thoroughly study the structure of the local soil. If you manage to lower the bottom of the septic tank below the thickness of the clay, it will work better than on homogeneous soils. The reason for this is the high level of pressure of the water column located inside the septic tank of treated wastewater. The performance of treatment plants depends on:

• from their laying depth;
• groundwater level;
• area of ​​the walls of the structure.

You can install factory-made septic tanks or home-made structures in clay soils. Despite its poor water throughput, clay is considered the best soil filter. This property allows you to build septic tanks without a bottom on this type of soil. The best option for them may be designs that use the soil purification method. They resemble storage tanks.

Installing a septic tank in clay soil

The simplest option for constructing a reservoir with soil post-treatment is to use a metal barrel without a bottom. When constructing wells from brick or concrete rings, a drainage layer is made at the bottom of the structure. It is made from geotextiles, river sand and crushed stone of medium or fine fraction. The thickness of the drainage layer should be from 30 to 40 cm. Septic tanks without a bottom cannot be installed in areas with drilled drinking water wells.

The influence of topography on the choice of location for installing a septic tank

Construction of a brick septic tank

Brick is one of the most common and affordable types of building materials. Septic tanks made from it for private houses have a number of advantages. They are durable and have a reliable design. Their installation does not require the use of special equipment or the use of expensive tools. The material allows you to create structures of various sizes and shapes.

The disadvantage of septic tanks made of brick is their low insulating properties. Well walls require additional protection from environmental influences. The second disadvantage is the laboriousness of the process. It takes a lot of time to build the walls of a structure.

What is important to consider

When creating a design drawing for a 3-section septic tank, it is necessary to correctly distribute the percentage of the volumes of each compartment:

• reception collection - 50%;
• aerobic cleaning chamber - 30%;
• output compartment - 20%.

Laying a brick septic tank
This ratio of the volumes of the structure’s compartments will allow you to achieve the maximum degree of wastewater treatment. The mortar that binds the bricks is made from cement grade M 400. The best type of brick is solid clay. This type of brick is the most resistant to aggressive environments, which include sewage. Despite the strength of clay bricks, the walls of wells are plastered with concrete mortar and covered with a layer of mastic. You can replace the concrete screed with a clay solution. It has an increased degree of resistance to runoff.

For ease of maintenance of the structure, it is recommended to make the depth of the compartments from 1.2 m to 3 m. The optimal thickness of the external walls is 25 cm, internal - 12 cm. When installing a 2-chamber septic tank, the volume of the receiving compartment must be at least 1 cubic meter. and account for 75% of the total cubic capacity of the structure. The cross-section of the transition holes between the compartments is 150*150 mm. The bottom of the septic tank is concreted and waterproofed. To cover the top of the structure, it is better to use concrete slabs with holes for sewer hatches.

Concrete slabs with holes for manholes

A ventilation hole must be provided in the design. It is made from asbestos pipe. It is taken out away from the septic tank at a distance of at least 600 mm. The concrete slab with hatches is insulated and covered with soil.

Septic tanks that are actively used: main types

Before deciding which septic tank will be installed for your cottage, bathhouse, and other structure, it is important to familiarize yourself with all available types.

Septic tanks with one and two chambers

This installation is very similar to a drain pit. The main difference is the tightness. Here, purification occurs due to the settling of heavy elements of wastewater to the bottom.

It is important to know. Using septic tanks with one chamber, complete purification cannot be obtained, and therefore, many recommend using septic tanks with two chambers. Such a design still requires frequent calls for a machine to pump out sewage.

The two-chamber version allows you to purify the contents of wastewater in stages, where at the first stage large elements settle to the bottom, then the liquid is poured into another tank. Here, purification occurs with the help of bacteria, and smaller particles settle to the bottom. To prevent unpleasant odors from entering a country house, it is recommended to additionally ventilate septic tanks.

Post-treatment procedure

During their work, anaerobic bacteria convert organic compounds, resulting gases and other compounds into sludge. Then, the already half-purified liquid enters the post-purification stage. At this stage, one of the following systems comes into play:

• Drainage type well. The 2nd chamber of the septic tank can act as this element. The main difference here can be considered the absence of a sealed bottom. Thus, water seeps through the ground, undergoing additional purification. Experts recommend equipping the bottom of such a tank with gravel. It is thanks to the stone that millions of microorganisms settle at the bottom, which help cleanse large and small organic remains. There is no need to worry, because at this stage the wastewater is practically cleared of harmful impurities.
• Wastewater filtration field. In fact, this purification link is very similar to the previous drainage type well. Only here the water comes through pipes that direct the drainage to the drainage field, where the bottom is lined with pebbles. Here, through numerous millions of bacteria, the water undergoes additional purification and goes into the ground, which reduces the number of times when it is necessary to call equipment to drain wastewater. To pump water through pipes, it is necessary to install pumps of appropriate power. When choosing a field for wastewater filtration, you need to focus on the wastewater level.
• Use 3 containers. The use of an additional container allows you to purify water by almost 98%. Thus, the water that has undergone this purification process can be used for watering the garden, for washing cars, as well as for other household needs.

Remember. Purified drainage water is not suitable for drinking (even for drinking animals), since microorganisms were used in the purification process.

Comparison with a cesspool

The cesspool is a well made of concrete rings and old tires. Water from sewage gradually goes into the ground, and sediments require periodic pumping. Disadvantages include an unpleasant odor from the pit, contamination of drinking water sources within a radius of at least 50 m, and the risk of organic residues entering the site in the event of rain or the ingress of biologically active reagents.

A cesspool is a well made of concrete rings.

Popular models and manufacturers, cost

The rating of common models includes septic tanks manufactured by Russian enterprises using original or borrowed technologies. The equipment is designed for operation in harsh conditions with seasonal soil freezing. Housings made of impact-resistant polypropylene are not subject to corrosion and can withstand soil pressure during spring heaving. Products are available with different performance levels.

Equipment with an electric pump can operate in emergency mode; contaminated water is pumped by gravity.

"Purge"

The Chistok equipment produced by is compact and separates up to 96% of contaminants. The service life of the installation is up to 50 years. Regardless of the load, the septic tank does not emit gases with a pungent or unpleasant odor. The products are designed taking into account Russian climatic conditions; the plant offers 10 modifications. The basic version of “Low Shar 1100” for a house with a family of up to 3 people has a price of 28.8 thousand rubles, the version of “Low Clean 9000” for a cottage or building with several apartments will cost 138.6 thousand rubles.

Chistok equipment is compact.

"Termite"

The equipment is equipped with a plastic seamless tank with wide stiffening ribs. Several series of equipment are offered, differing in the level of equipment. The standard model “Pro plus 0.7” is designed for houses with 1 resident. The manufacturer offers a version with an extended neck, intended for use in regions with large depths of soil freezing.

The price of products varies from 25 to 134 thousand rubles. Some models are equipped with a Karcher electric pump for pumping water.

"Topas"

The Topas series is distinguished by the use of a body with a square cross-section; stiffening ribs are provided on the side surface. There are extended models that allow you to equip sewage systems in the northern regions of the country. Polypropylene is used for the manufacture of parts. The manufacturer provides a 3-year warranty. The price of the basic version is from 89.9 thousand rubles. The tank weighs only 215 kg. The developer claims a purification rate of 98%, which meets the stringent requirements of Russian and international standards.

"Topas" has a body with a square cross-section.

"Eco Grand"

Installations with rectangular tanks are supplied to customers at a price of 97 thousand rubles. The liquid circulates by gravity, the degree of purification is 98%. Installation of a compressor and solenoid valve is provided; daily electricity consumption is at least 0.9 kWh. The starting model “Eco Grand 3” has a capacity of 650 liters per day and is designed for a salvo discharge of 170 liters of sewage. The installation weight is 152 kg; installation will require a hoist or crane.

"Aster"

The Astra line includes compact models and units with increased productivity designed for hotels. The price varies from 80 to 112 thousand rubles. The housing is made of durable plastic and can withstand ground movements. The weight of the installation depends on the dimensions of the tank. The installation of a compressor with a control unit is provided.

The Astra line contains compact models.

"Leopard"

The brand belongs to, and septic tanks of the “Bars N” series are offered with standard tanks or custom-made ones. The Bars Eco line is equipped with biological filters; sludge pumping is required after 2-3 years of operation. For country houses, a series of “Bars Mini” tanks with a biofilter is offered, which involves the arrangement of a drainage field for filtering liquid. The price starts from 54.9 thousand rubles.

"Eurolos"

The manufacturer offers several series of Eurolos septic tanks designed for anaerobic or aeration treatment. Local filtration stations and autonomous units are produced for installation in areas with high groundwater levels. The price of the basic “Eco” model starts from 44 thousand rubles, the equipment is designed for sandy soils with low groundwater levels. To inspect the chamber, there are inspection hatches installed on the extension necks. The starting version is designed for a family of 2 people and has a capacity of 600 liters per day.

Septic tanks "Eurolos" are designed for anaerobic treatment.

"Biofor"

Budget septic tanks and grease collection units are sold under the Biofor brand. The price of the basic model is from 21.5 thousand rubles. The plastic molded tank is equipped with an extension neck with a removable inspection hatch. The pipes are installed through elastic gaskets, which prevent dirty liquid from leaking into the ground. It is planned to install an additional fine filter, the degree of retention of foreign impurities reaches 98%.

The device replaces a filtration field, the construction of which will require at least 1 ton of crushed stone and 36 m of drainage pipe.

"BioDeca"

BioDeka equipment is designed for installation in soil of any complexity; the electrical components are resistant to voltage surges. The design contains no parts susceptible to corrosion. An extended 5-year warranty is provided. The basic model 3P-600 for a family of 3 people is designed for a volley discharge of up to 140 liters of water, with a cleaning capacity of 500 liters of liquid per day. Power consumption is only 1.32 W. The price of equipment starts from 82 thousand rubles; when ordering installation, the costs of the home owner will increase by 20 thousand rubles.

The BioDeka septic tank is installed in the ground.

"ErgoBox"

ErgoBox septic tanks are equipped with a cast body and provide 98% purification of wastewater from contaminants. Support the recycling of household waste. The water passing through the filtration circuit does not have a harmful effect on the soil and water bodies. The manufacturer offers models S and PR, which differ in the method of pumping water (gravity flow and forced drainage, respectively). The price of the equipment ranges from 65.1 to 111.9 thousand rubles, the most expensive version is designed for houses with 10 residents.

"Tank"

The name “Tank” was given to the septic tank because of its cast body with developed stiffening ribs and high strength. The modular design allows units to be connected together to increase capacity and productivity. The equipment has a simple design and can be installed by the home owner. Cleaning from contamination is required after 2-3 years of operation. A neck with an increased height allows you to install the housing below the freezing point of the soil. The price of equipment starts from 34.9 thousand rubles. (model "Tank-1").

The septic tank “Tank” is highly durable.

"Microbe"

Small-sized septic tanks "Microbe" are designed for seasonal use in dachas. The cylindrical body is made of plastic and is not designed for high loads. The weight of the equipment is only 35 kg; installation requires a hole about 1.5 m deep. The basic model holds 450 liters of sewage and has a capacity of 150 liters per day. The Russian manufacturer offers models with a volume of up to 1800 liters, suitable for homes with year-round use.

The price of the equipment is from 16.5 thousand rubles, the cheapness is achieved by simplifying the design of the cleaning system and reducing the strength of the parts.

"Unilos"

offers several lines of equipment for building an autonomous sewer system. For example, the Astra series provides water purification in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00, VNTP-K-97 and SP 53.13330.2011 standards. To notify the owner of malfunctions, stroboscopes with xenon lamps are used; a beam of light penetrates snow cover up to 300 mm thick. The manufacturer provides a 5-year warranty on the installations. The body is made of impact-resistant polypropylene. The Astra price, depending on performance, starts from 80 thousand rubles.

Unilos has several lines of equipment.

"Biotank"

Biological septic tanks “Biotank” of the CAM series are equipped with a free water overflow system; for PR modifications, installation of a pump is required (not included). The equipment decomposes household waste, the air compressor is installed inside the tank from the factory. When the power is turned off, the installation continues to operate with reduced productivity, providing a degree of water purification of 85%. The starting model, designed to purify up to 600 liters of water per day, has a price of 50 thousand rubles. (excluding installation).

"Kolovesi"

Kolo Vesi biochemical water filtration stations are characterized by silent operation and do not emit gases with an unpleasant odor into the atmosphere. The tanks are designed for installation in difficult soils and can withstand seasonal soil movements. The septic tank is not afraid of long interruptions in operation and is undemanding to maintenance. In addition to budget models for families of 3-5 people, there are installations for small hotels designed for 55-65 residents (withstand a salvo discharge of up to 2400 liters). The price of Kolo Vesi equipment ranges from 135.9 to 638.9 thousand rubles.

The Kolovesi station is distinguished by its silent operation.

"Alta Bio"

Autonomous Alta Bio installations do not become clogged with household waste, which settles to the bottom of the container. When the power is turned off, the equipment switches to the mode of pumping water by gravity; cleaning the reservoir from sediments is necessary no more than once every 2 years. The product line includes units designed to operate in difficult soil conditions. The presence of household chemicals in wastewater does not affect the degree of purification of the liquid. The basic version for a family of 3 people has a price of 78.5 thousand rubles.

"Tver"

Autonomous products of the Tver brand have a price starting from 73.4 thousand rubles. The equipment has a capacity of 0.35 to 6 m³ per day. For self-service, a hatch is provided in the tank; the design does not contain complex electronics. The manufacturer guarantees protection against clogging with fatty deposits. There is no unpleasant odor during operation, which allows you to place the tank near the house.

"Tver" guarantees protection against clogging.

Eurobion

Aeroseptics "Eurobion" ensure the absence of unpleasant odors in the area and are capable of purifying wastewater from impurities by 98%. Installations are offered for residential buildings and hotels; there are models for installation in difficult soil. Membrane filtration systems can withstand downtime for up to 90 days; the durability of the cleaning system declared by the manufacturer is 50 years. The price starts from 85 thousand rubles.

Evo Stock Bio

There are several models for wastewater treatment with capacities ranging from 450 to 6000 liters. Gravity type equipment consists of a separator with 3 chambers and a biological filter. A Karcher 5000 model pump with a timer is used to pump water; at the biological treatment stage, the water is sprayed and saturated with oxygen. Installation of protection against blockages is provided; the equipment operates when the power supply is turned off. Prices start from 68 thousand rubles. excluding installation and cost of additional equipment.

Evo Stok Bio has a capacity of up to 6000 l.

General concepts of how a septic tank works: main advantages

When talking about a septic tank, we mean a special storage tank consisting of several containers where wastewater undergoes a purification procedure. This mainly occurs due to special bacteria that decompose complex organic residues into methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. In some septic tanks, the decomposition process occurs independently, without an intensive supply of oxygen. In others, on the contrary, oxygen must be supplied by a special pump.

Attention. Experts who have been building such systems for a long time recommend limiting the discharge of large amounts of chlorine and chlorine-containing substances into the septic tank. This can affect the way bacteria work, reducing their lifespan. The septic tank contains anaerobic bacteria that have a long lifespan. This means that significant investments in their operation will not be required.

Using septic tanks, you, as the owner of a private home, can get the following benefits:

• Significant savings on financial investments. Because anaerobic bacteria have a long lifespan, you won't have to buy them as often. In addition, the gradual period of decomposition of complex organic residues completely cleanses the contents of the septic tank, leaving a filtered liquid that can be drained even onto the surface of the earth. Thus, there will be no need to call the vacuum cleaner often.
• The likelihood of environmental pollution is reduced. Septic structures do not emit an unpleasant odor, and when the treated material penetrates the soil, it does not pollute it at all. Thus, living on a site where a septic tank is installed instead of drainage pits will become even more comfortable.