Cleaning a Topas septic tank is a responsible but simple procedure

Design and principle of operation of Topas septic tanks

Wastewater treatment in Topas occurs thanks to aerobic bacteria, which eat all organic matter entering the station. At the same time, ideal conditions have been created inside the septic tank for their life and rapid reproduction. Topas station is divided into four chambers:

1. Receiving chamber (PC);
2. Aerotank chamber (aerotank);
3. Secondary sedimentation tank (SS);
4. Sludge stabilizer (SI).

Reception chamber

- This is a reservoir where wastewater from the house goes. In it, water is averaged according to temperature and chemical readings, and then through a coarse fraction filter and through the main airlift it is sent to the aeration tank.

In the aeration tank

basic biological processes occur. A fine-bubble aeration element is provided here, with the help of which the water is saturated with oxygen. Aerobic bacteria, receiving oxygen, multiply and actively eat organic matter.

Secondary settling tank

- small swelling, similar to an inverted truncated pyramid. It is connected to the aeration tank chamber according to the principle of communicating vessels. Purified water enters the secondary settling tank through the recirculation airlift and by gravity through the bottom of the compartment. Then it is sent to the exit through the 110th pipe or to the pump compartment, from where it is forced out.

In the sludge collector

the waste sludge sinks to the bottom of the septic tank, and the activated sludge and water flow by gravity back into the PC.

The flow in Topas alternately moves in direct and then in reverse phase:

1) When the receiving chamber is filled with drainage, the installation begins to operate in the forward phase

. In this case, compressed air is supplied to the main airlift, which pumps water from the homogenizer into the aeration tank. There, the wastewater is saturated with oxygen using fine-bubble aeration, purified, and then sent to a secondary settling tank and exits the station.

2) In reverse phase

compressed air enters the airlift of the aeration tank. The runoff from the aeration tank flows into the sludge stabilizer, and then by gravity back into the receiving chamber.

Air is supplied to all airlifts and aeration elements using compressors. Topas has two of them, and the Topas S series has one. Phase switching in Topas S occurs thanks to an electromagnetic valve.

Subtleties of repairing the Astra septic tank: reasons

Sometimes it may be necessary to repair the Astra septic tank. The causes of breakdowns may be different. By familiarizing yourself with them, you can avoid an unpleasant situation.

Causes of septic tank breakdowns:

1. Clogging of filter elements and other parts with large objects.
2. The quality operation of the septic tank can be disrupted if residues of vegetables and other food, bones, building materials and other insoluble particles enter the chamber.
3. Hygiene items getting into the cells. It can also be cigarette butts, polyethylene and other inorganics.
4. Oils, chemicals, and acids can damage devices. Even the waste generated when cleaning mushrooms and berries.

Parts for septic tanks are sold in specialized stores.
All reasons are due to the fact that waste processing is carried out with the help of aerobic microorganisms. Chemicals can simply kill bacteria. And heavy parts are not intended for recycling.

Operating instructions for Topas septic tanks

Now that you have learned how water is purified in the station, it will be easier for you to understand how to use it correctly. Most of the operating instructions are aimed at making the bacteria in the septic tank feel good and do their job. Also, do not allow the Topas septic tank to become clogged. Some of the instructions should be followed not only when using SWS, but also when using city sewerage.

1. The Topas septic tank must always be connected to the network. Without this, compressors will not work and supply air to airlifts and aerators. If there is a power outage, the installation can stand without electricity for about six hours. However, it cannot be used as there may be a risk of flooding.
2. When using a Topas septic tank, do not flush chlorine-containing preparations down the drain. They are usually found in some earthenware products, clothing bleaches, and dishwasher tablets. Carefully monitor what household chemicals you buy and replace chlorine-containing products with chlorine-free analogues. Shower gels, soaps and shampoos are completely safe for bacteria.
3. You also cannot throw non-degradable items into the Topas station: cigarette butts, feminine hygiene products, condoms, wet wipes, candy wrappers, and so on. They can clog airlifts or filters and create an emergency situation.
4. Non-degradable items also include animal fur and hair. It is difficult to completely eliminate their entry into the sewer system, but it can be reduced to a minimum. For example, if you do not flush water down the toilet after washing the floors, but install strainers in the sink and shower.
5. Also, when operating a Topas septic tank, you must not flush water into the sewer after washing the mushrooms. Fungal spores quickly multiply on the activated sludge, and the plant begins to smell unpleasant.

Read more in our video “What can’t be dumped into a Topas septic tank? Is a power outage dangerous for a septic tank?

If you follow all these simple instructions, then you will not have any problems with the Topas station. The output water will be clean, odorless, and can be used for watering non-fertile plants. If the water coming out is cloudy

, then there may be several reasons for this:

• The installation produces insufficient sludge. This can happen in the first weeks of using the station immediately after installation or re-opening.
• Chemical pollution due to the use of chlorine-containing products.
• The station is overloaded or the salvo discharge is exceeded.

Helper Methods

Chemical and biological methods are considered auxiliary. Their main purpose is the decomposition of hard and viscous deposits and trouble-free removal. In case of siltation after their use, a sewage disposal machine will be required to pump out the liquefied substrate.

Chemicals

The following types of chemical compounds are used to clean open storage tanks and septic tanks:

• Formalin . Liquid formaldehyde was previously used as an affordable and effective disinfectant. It destroys all living bacteria, but is a strong poison for people, so it is used less and less.
• Bleaching powder . The second drug, the use of which is recommended to be avoided. Lime is a proven disinfectant, but it is very toxic, so work with it in a respirator and gloves. It is stored in a dark place - in the light the substance loses active chlorine, and its effectiveness decreases.

When you can’t do without chemistry Source mantair.com

• Ammonium salt purifiers . The preparations contain nitrogen in a tetravalent active form. They intensively dissolve organic matter and eliminate unpleasant odors. At the same time, they are very toxic. Therefore, one of the main conditions for the task of how to clean a septic tank with ammonium salts is the remote location of the country toilet from residential buildings (ideally, at least 15-20 m from the house). To clean the waste pit, only vacuum pumping is suitable.
• Nitrate oxidizers (nitrogen fertilizers) . Compared to other chemicals, this is the most gentle option. Nitrate compounds decompose any organic matter, eliminate odor, and the result of their work can be used as fertilizer. The disadvantage of oxidizing agents is their high cost. When communications and the electric pump of a septic tank come into contact with metal, they form salt on the surface, which can lead to overgrowing of pipes and damage to the device.

Ammonium preparations are used away from housing Source ogorod.ru

Instructions for using Topas station in winter

During operation, the Topas septic tank generates heat, so the device does not experience any difficulties in winter. In addition, the lid is thermally insulated and does not allow cold air to pass through. Additional insulation may be needed only in severe frosts - or more precisely at -20 ° C and below. If the temperature outside has dropped to -15 °C, then you should not open the station lid. In this case, it is better to postpone septic tank maintenance to a warmer period.

If in winter you do not live in a country house or dacha, but plan to visit it 2-3 times (for example, during the New Year holidays), then you should not disconnect the station from the network. Topas septic tanks are designed in such a way that the vital activity of bacteria is maintained in them, even if no new wastewater enters the installation. At the same time, the amount of electricity consumed by the septic tank is small - 56 W per hour. In terms of money, you will run up about 150-200 rubles per month (depending on the region).

However, if you are sure that you will not visit the dacha in winter, then Topas station can be mothballed before leaving.

Features of the autonomous sewage system Topas

If installed correctly, Topas autonomous sewage system is able to effectively perform its tasks regardless of climatic conditions. This feature of its use is associated with the presence of high environmental characteristics, as well as the absence of problems in operation. The vast majority of consumers choose the Topas system, given that it can be used to solve the problem of wastewater treatment in the most efficient manner and in the shortest possible time.

Currently, Topas septic tanks are available in several versions on the market. The greatest interest is shown in modifications of Topas 5 and Topas 10. Their inherent operational parameters make it possible to use them in certain conditions for which they were created. If we talk about the Topas 5 model, then the main purpose is to serve summer cottages. The Topas 10 modification is a popular sewer system among owners of country houses. If you analyze the assortment of septic tanks of a similar brand, you will find models that can be used to effectively solve the problem of wastewater treatment that arises at facilities such as hotels and cottage communities.

Instructions for preserving a Topas septic tank

Before conservation, the wastewater in the station must be clarified

. To do this, 40% of the drainage is alternately pumped out of the septic tank chambers, and clean water is poured in instead. The procedure is repeated several times until the water becomes clear. The sequence of lighting the cameras is strict:

Sludge collector ––> aeration tank ––> receiving chamber

You do not need to fill in clean water completely, but somewhere 40 cm below the working level. The figure may vary depending on the depth of soil freezing in your area.

Then floats are added to the water

. They are made from liter plastic bottles with sand poured into the bottom. 1-2 bottles are lowered into each chamber. At the same time, it is better to tie them with ropes to the station so that they definitely do not drown. In winter, during severe frosts, if the top layer of water freezes, the bottles will take on excess pressure and the station will not be damaged.

The station is disconnected from the power grid

. And the compressors and pump are removed from the septic tank and taken to a warm room.

The septic tank lid is insulated with penoplex

.

During spring re-opening it is necessary:

• remove the insulation from the lid,
• make sure the body is intact,
• return the compressors and pump to their place,
• connect them according to the manufacturer's instructions,
• Fill the septic tank with clean water to the operating level (if necessary),
• connect the station to the network,
• check the operation of airlifts,
• check the operation of the float switch by switching modes,
• check the alarm system.

For some time after re-opening, the drainage at the outlet of the septic tank may be cloudy. The station will reach its maximum cleaning level in a couple of weeks.

Installation

You can buy a Topas septic tank immediately with installation from the manufacturer or other companies (Mosseptic), but then its price will be slightly higher, so even specialists recommend doing the installation yourself. The first step is to decide what distance from the house should be during installation. These data are calculated individually; they depend on the size of the septic tank and the total area of ​​the site, but, in most cases, they are at least 4 meters from the foundation.

Photo - installation

Instructions on how to install a Thomas septic tank with your own hands:

First, the site is marked and a pit is dug at the designated location. It should be 10 centimeters larger than the size of the treatment plant itself. A sand-crushed stone cushion is installed at the bottom of the pit, its height is up to 20 centimeters.

A very important feature of creating a pit for a septic tank is that the pit is under no circumstances filled with solution;

Afterwards, the septic tank is installed in the pit itself. If you have chosen a small model (Topas 3 or 5), then the system can be easily installed yourself

But the Series 8 device weighs more than 350 kilograms - this requires lifting equipment; After installing the septic tank, you need to connect the sewerage outlet to the branch pipe; the diagram varies depending on the number of outlets. For connection, a pipe with a certain diameter is used (it is calculated based on the number of people and devices served by the sewer system); Topas stations come in two types: autonomous and those that require power supply (like the Tver-m septic tank model). The comparison of these systems in terms of performance is almost equivalent, but electrical equipment has a certain energy consumption - 1.5 kW. Also, to connect it you will need an additional power cable.

The first year after installation, maintenance is carried out by the manufacturer or dealer, subsequent years - you do it yourself. Also, during the first 12 months of the warranty, the manufacturer replaces broken parts without any problems.

Each cleaning station has its own technical characteristics; the following modifications are currently available:

Operating instructions for Topas septic tank:

1. It is imperative to periodically pump out the sludge, otherwise the storage tank will overflow and residual sediment will begin to fall into the filtered liquid;
2. There must always be a certain level of water in the sump;
3. Compressor membranes need to be changed every two years;
4. Cleaning of the Topas septic tank, like Astra, Yubas, Unilos or Tank stations, in most cases, is carried out by specialists, but independent work is also allowed;
5. The bacterial filter must be replaced every 12 years.

Video on the topic:

Three possible malfunctions of the Topas septic tank

1) Clogging of the main airlift. In this case, the receiving chamber overflows, and the drain enters other compartments by gravity through the walls. At the same time, the quality of cleaning drops sharply. If this happens, the sewer system must be stopped immediately and the problem must be corrected.

2) The float is broken. If the float breaks down, the station stops switching modes. This leads to overfilling of the septic tank and poor drainage treatment.

3) The most dangerous problem is a breakdown of the pump in forced stations. Then the purified water is not removed from the station, the station overflows and there is a risk of flooding of the compressor unit. Losses will amount to 30 thousand rubles. Installing an alarm system will help avoid this.

The alarm system comes as a gift with installation.

The very first sign that something is wrong with your station is the smell. An unpleasant odor appears if the septic tank has not been serviced for a long time, chemicals have been poured into it, the compressor has broken down, or the station is stuck in the direct phase.

Call a specialist to service the Topas septic tank

If you already have a Topas septic tank and you want to service it and check that the station is working correctly, call. Our specialist will come to your site, take samples of the drain if necessary, evaluate the quality of the device and clean it.

If you are just thinking about purchasing Topas, then here are several reasons to buy it from us:

1. We provide interest-free installments for 6 months on all equipment and installation
2. We draw up a detailed estimate of materials and installation work. About 20 points, not 3-4, like other installation organizations.
3. We deliver all materials specified in the estimate to the site on the day of installation using our own vehicles.
4. We install the Topas station in one working day.
5. We control the quality of installation using photo reports and on-site technical supervision.
6. We give feedback.
7. We provide a manufacturer's warranty on the equipment and our own installation warranty for a period of 5 years.
8. For regular service in our company, we give a discount on the service.

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Published July 25, 2021