Submersible fecal pump for cesspool - device, purpose, varieties, selection rules, review of manufacturers

A sewer pump is an integral part of the sewer system of a private house or apartment. Modern pump models allow you to quickly pump sewage into public sewers, do not require frequent maintenance and are very easy to operate. Below we will study the types of fecal pumps, their design and operating features.

Fecal pump - what is it, purpose, device

A fecal pump or also a mud pump is intended for pumping out viscous heavy fibrous masses, including those with insoluble inclusions up to 50 mm in diameter. Installations of this type are widely used in everyday life. They can be used not only for forced cleaning of cesspools, but also in a number of situations with similar tasks:

1. Pumping groundwater from structures located below ground level - basements, ground floors.
2. Elimination of the consequences of natural disasters - floods, floods, rainstorms.
3. Cyclic pumping of underground storage tanks - drainage, stormwater systems, as well as the last chambers of the septic tank.
4. Replacement of water in artificial reservoirs on the site - pools, ponds, periodically filled low landforms.
5. Filling containers from the nearest natural reservoir for irrigating beds, fields, gardens, plantations.

The design of a fecal pump for pumping out a cesspool includes the following main elements:

• Electric drive.
• A pump is a mechanism driven by an engine and directly performing the pumping procedure.

Diagram of a submersible fecal pump Source strojdvor.ru

• An intake hole for the passage of liquid into the pump.
• Outlet valve – ensures the drainage of wastewater into the container.
• Mechanical crusher of large particles.

Unlike drainage analogues, which can only pump out contaminated water, pumps of this type are capable of pumping thicker sludge containing solid particles. However, to prevent mechanical inclusions from clogging the system, the installation is equipped with a special grinder in the form of rotating sharp knives.

On a note! Due to the increased impact of destructive factors, the pump housing must have high mechanical and chemical resistance. Therefore, most often it is made of stainless steel, cast iron or steel with a protective coating. Inexpensive models are made of plastic and do not last long with intensive use.

Specifications

Such a unit is very different from a conventional household device.
The industrial fecal pump is designed for more severe operating conditions. It can be installed (embedded) directly into the sewer line, or immersed in a tank with wastewater. One of the basic principles when developing such equipment is compliance with the requirement of non-clogging. Therefore, such pumps are made with wider flow channels in comparison with pumps for pumping clean water. Also, industrial fecal pumps are equipped with a special grinding system.

A small cottage community of up to 30 houses can consume up to 100 cubic meters. m of water per day. This volume will pass through the entire system, including the fecal pump. Therefore, the parameters of this equipment must correspond to the design and operational characteristics of the pumping station.

For this equipment there are a number of requirements and technical characteristics that need to be taken into account when purchasing:

• Ph indicators: from 6 to 8.5 units;
• operating temperature: up to 90 °C;
• density indicator: up to 1100 kg/m³;
• the content of abrasive particles is no more than 1% by volume;
• large particle size (up to 3.5 - 5 cm).

Industrial sewage pumps can vary in installation method.

Varieties

Depending on the installation location and operating conditions, pumps of the type in question come in 3 main varieties:

1. Submersible.
2. Semi-submersible.
3. Superficial.

Let's look at the features of their design and functionality in more detail.

Operation diagram of a submersible pump for pumping out a septic tank Source strojdvor.ru

Submersible

Based on the name itself, submersible pumps are installed in a pit by being completely immersed in the sludge - to the bottom. Its housing is durable, sealed and chemically resistant. A characteristic feature of the device is a powerful pump and, as a result, high performance.

Due to the difficulty of maintenance, in order to avoid clogging the system with large particles, almost all models of submersible sewage pump are equipped with a grinder. Without it, the system will simply clog. However, even despite this auxiliary mechanism, the rules for a constantly operated device indicate the need to periodically, once every 3-4 months, remove it and clean it from clogging with mechanical particles.

To ensure uninterrupted operation, the submersible fecal pump must be cleaned every 3-4 months Source aqua-rmnt.com

Neglecting this procedure very quickly leads to wear of the rotating blades and, as a result, increased load on the motor, increased energy consumption and a decrease in the service life of all equipment as a whole. Therefore, some responsible manufacturers specially equip their products with a special lift on a steel cable - for better removal from the pit and timely carrying out preventive or repair work.

Modern pumps of this type operate automatically. The controller is a float mechanism with a liquid level sensor. As soon as the volume of the underground tank reaches the upper level, the pump turns on and begins pumping. When the lower level is reached, the drive turns off and pumping stops.

Advantages of submersible models:

• Productivity up to 400 m³ per hour.
• Stationary installation.
• Compactness.
• Full protection.
• Drive power up to 40 kW.
• No noise during pumping.
• Work year-round.
• Automatic control of the cesspool fullness level.
• Ability to process solid inclusions in wastewater.

Special cutting blades are installed in front of the intake holes in the submersible pump to crush waste. Source allegroimg.com
Disadvantages are associated with the need to periodically lift the equipment for preventative cleaning. In addition, it is important to control the temperature of the waste mass, since if it is above 400C, the pump will begin to overheat and deteriorate.

See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in water supply, sewerage and related work

Semi-submersible

Models of semi-submersible type mud pumping equipment are distinguished by large vertical linear dimensions - due to the specifics of the device and operating principle. Functionally, the design of such a pump is divided into two parts - the upper one with the motor, which is not submersible, and the lower one - the pump chamber, which during operation is always located in the waste mass, for direct intake and pumping of sewage.

In terms of power, devices of this type are inferior to the analogues given above. However, they benefit from better access to the main working part - the engine. Therefore, their installation is advantageous when it is necessary to pump frequently or almost continuously - for example, in combined septic tanks, where wastewater from several objects flows at once.

Design of a semi-submersible fecal pump Source montagtrub.ru

The unit is usually installed afloat. For this purpose, a special float platform is used. However, most of the models produced today do not provide for the installation of a cutting and grinding mechanism. These factors significantly limit its use. In everyday life, such pumps are installed primarily in specially designed septic tanks.

Advantages of semi-submersible units:

1. Accessibility of the engine for maintenance and repair – without the need to lift the unit outwards.
2. Stationary installation.
3. Possibility of modernization - by installing a more powerful drive.
4. 10 times lower cost compared to submersible analogues.
5. Possibility of pumping hot waste liquids - since the engine is air cooled.

The main disadvantages are related to the specifics of their design - complexity of installation, lack of a chopper, insufficient motor protection and noisy operation.

The use of a fecal pump reduces the cost of servicing a cesspool and eliminates the need to call a sewer truck Source strojdvor.ru

Superficial

An external pump for pumping out sewerage in a private house operates on the principle of a self-priming pumping station - similar to a vacuum truck. The device is simply installed next to the cesspool, and wastewater is collected through a hose. In the domestic version, the unit is equipped with a plastic housing, has small dimensions and weight and poor performance. Therefore, its main purpose is seasonal cleaning of the cesspool in dachas.

The surface model is not intended for stationary installation and is intended for mobile use. However, if necessary, it can be fixed in a specific place. In this case, the equipment must be protected from precipitation and cold. Otherwise, the electrical equipment will be damaged by dampness, and the pump will break down at sub-zero temperatures when the pumped mass begins to freeze.

Advantages of ground models:

• Mobility in operation.
• Minimum cost.
• Versatility in use.

The main quality of a surface pump is mobility Source kaercher-media.com
Disadvantages:

1. The limitation on the throughput of solid inclusions is no more than 5 mm.
2. Noisy work.
3. Limited productivity, as well as the length of the included hose - no more than 7 meters.

Note! The presence of a special complete or separately purchased shredder in the pump eliminates the need to constantly monitor the penetration of large particles into the sewer system. The mechanism crushes all solid, fibrous and abrasive fragments that get into the drains to a homogeneous mass, and prevents the pumping system from clogging.

Which one is better to choose?

The correct choice of a pump for fecal waste can only be made taking into account certain factors.

In particular, when deciding how to choose a fecal pump, you need to take into account the following:

• Acceptable working depth parameters.
• The distance from the point of waste collection to the point of discharge into the sewer.
• Pump performance. This refers to the volume of liquid being pumped and the pumping speed.
• The presence of solid elements in wastewater and their sizes.
• Diameter of the main sewer pipe.
• Operating conditions.

When selecting a fecal pump and determining the height of liquid lift, it is necessary to take into account the distance from the point of wastewater intake to the point of its discharge. The length of the hose should be divided by 10.

Criterias of choice

In order to choose the right fecal pump for a cesspool, you must take into account the following series of criteria:

• Rated operating voltage and motor power.

Installations used in everyday life are usually equipped with a single-phase drive. Power is supplied from a network with standard characteristics - 220 V and 50 Hz. In this case, the power is selected based on operating conditions. The engine power will depend on the following parameters:

1. Performance.
2. Pressure power.
3. Possibility of pumping more viscous and contaminated liquids.
4. Pumping speed.

The speed of emptying the septic tank depends on how correctly the pump power is selected. Source agrotex.com.ua
For seasonal cleaning of a drainage pit, for example, in a country house, a device with a power of about 0.5-0.7 kW is suitable. For operation in an autonomous sewer system of a private house with year-round residence, it is better to use more powerful units - 1-1.6 kW.

• Performance.

The characteristic determines how long it will take to pump a given volume. As a rule, manufacturers indicate the value of this parameter in “liter/minute”. For example, ordinary country pumps have a rate of about 140-160 l/min, and more powerful ones, 1.5-2 kW, are capable of pumping out about 0.5-0.7 m³ in one minute.

• Pressure force.

In the data sheet, the parameter is indicated in meters and characterizes the maximum height of rise of the waste masses. Most household models allow you to pump 10-15 meters vertically. However, when choosing a unit for specific application conditions, the horizontal section of the pipe must also be taken into account - due to the high viscosity of the medium and the creation of sufficient hydraulic resistance.

The pressure force of the pump must be sufficient to lift and transport the waste masses to the required distance Source vyvoz.org m

When calculating in the standard case, every 1 meter of lift is equivalent to 4 meters of horizontal path. For example, if a submersible sewage pump is installed at the bottom of a septic tank, and the lifting height is 5 meters, and the wastewater will travel another 40 meters along a horizontal section to the disposal site, then the minimum pressure force should be = 5 + 40/4 = 5 + 10 = 15 meters.

• Type of body material.

Pumps can be made from the following types of material:

1. Cast iron. Cheap and quite resistant to aggressive environments, but at the same time quite bulky and fragile. Lifting and lowering requires the use of a reliable cable or chain.
2. Stainless steel. It is distinguished by strength, durability and good protection. However, they have the maximum cost.
3. Plastic. Inexpensive, resistant to aggressive factors. If the quality is good, it can have greater mechanical strength.

The choice of housing material depends on the operating conditions and purpose of the device. So, cast iron and steel are primarily for submersible models, plastic is for surface models.

Submersible pump with cast iron body Source ebara.online

• Control Features.

Models can be controlled either manually or automatically. The former are cheaper, but the latter allow the process of pumping out a cesspool without human intervention. Thanks to the float sensor, the sewage tank will never overflow. In this case, the device will turn off itself when the level reaches the minimum permissible value - so that the pump does not run idle.

• Company manufacturer.

Which line of pump to buy to pump out a cesspool depends primarily on the consumer himself - his preferences, level of knowledge, financial capabilities. Often, most users buy models from well-known manufacturers. This makes it possible to provide service and fulfill warranty obligations (repair, replacement, etc.).

Scope of application of sewage pumping units

Industrial pumps, as a rule, are a separate unit of a single sewerage system. Its installation is included in the design and estimate documentation. Therefore, you need to think about purchasing this equipment in advance. Before you start building and commissioning a large facility. The pump station itself, together with the fecal pump, may be needed:

1. When constructing a small, medium or large plant with a closed communications system.
2. To meet the needs of a small private cottage or holiday village.
3. In the conditions of the agro-industrial complex.
4. Microdistricts or small urban settlements.
5. Large shopping centers and malls that want to install an autonomous communications system.
6. Cities. When constructing or modifying your own pumping station.

Industrial sewage pumps can also be installed by individuals. For example, if several houses decide to install one, common wastewater system. This option will cost less than purchasing, for example, three septic tanks and three household pumps. And it will last much longer.

Industrial sewage pumps not only pump wastewater, but also grind sewage. This makes it easier to maintain storage tanks and wells in the future. This advantage distinguishes this type of equipment from household pumps.

Features of operation

Pumping out a cesspool using a specialized pump to a disposal site or to a mobile tank is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. The pump is installed according to the instructions and depending on the type.
2. A hose, pipe, or sleeve is connected to the outlet.
3. As the tank fills, the unit turns on and begins pumping wastewater.
4. When the pit fill level reaches the minimum value, the pump turns off.
5. If necessary, cleaning and other maintenance procedures are performed on the unit, pipes and septic tank.

Review of popular manufacturers

Today there are many companies manufacturing pumping equipment. Of these, the following several lines are the most popular in the segment of products of this type:

• Gilex . A domestic manufacturer that uses long-proven technologies and new developments from the world's best companies. The equipment is capable of pumping out wastewater containing silt and sand inclusions, as well as large particles up to 35 mm in size. The advantage of the product is its low price.
• Grundfos . The Danish company produces reliable, powerful equipment for pumping cesspools, including those with stagnant deposits. Durability in operation is ensured by the ability to adjust power and thermal relay. The downside is the fairly high cost.

Principle of operation

In order for the dirty water pump to work normally and properly, the proportion of solid impurities in it should not exceed ten percent. Plus, there are also restrictions on the temperature of the pumped liquid. Many models of drainage pumping devices are designed only for 35–50 degrees. There are a huge number of options for planning schemes for a plot of 12 acres. With drainage pumps, everything is more complicated; there are not so many ways and places to use a specific pump.

Principle of operation

If the device is designed only for 35 degrees Celsius, then it cannot pump hotter water. It won't work in this mode for long. The design of the drainage pump is such that it is cooled by the liquid pumped during operation. If the dirty water is too hot, the pumping equipment will stop cooling. And then - inevitable overheating and breakdown.

Structurally, the drainage pump consists of:

• Hermetic housing (plastic or metal);
• Electric motor;
• Impellers on the working shaft;
• Intake pipe;
• Automatic switch with float.

External device diagram

After turning on the pump, the electric motor begins to rotate the shaft and the impeller on it. As a result, the air around the rotating blades is discharged, which lowers the pressure in the working chamber. Dirty water is simply drawn in by this vacuum and pushed further out.

Video description

This video shows how a fecal pump with a grinder works:

• Calpeda . One of the leading manufacturers of Italian pumping equipment. The models are characterized by durability and high performance. However, their significant disadvantage is their very high price.
• Pedrollo . Another Italian brand that has proven itself in the global pumping equipment market. The products are distinguished by international quality standards. The main feature of this line of fecal pumps is the presence of grinders in the impeller, regardless of the type of device, which allows the consumer not to worry about clogging the sewer pumping system in a private home.

In addition, products from such lines as Wilo, Unipump, Herz, Whirlwind, Metabo, ESPA, Sturm, Quattro Elementi, Sprut are also equally popular.

On a note! When choosing a pump for pumping out septic tanks, the maximum permissible size of solid particles in the pumped mass is of great importance. The unit is considered good if this parameter reaches 30 mm or more.

Where to order?

You can get a full and detailed consultation on the design of a pumping station, as well as the installation of an industrial fecal pump, from the organization Quad LLC. The company's managers and engineers will calculate the entire sewerage system, taking into account the nuances of the structure and climatic characteristics of your region.

You can get complete information on this company via the link (https://kvadr-rzn.ru). There you can also find your way around the price range of pumping equipment. Remember, incorrect calculation can lead to an accident at your pumping station. This will entail not only expenses for repairing the entire system, but also downtime in the operation of the enterprise.

Briefly about the main thing

The fecal pump is intended for pumping sewage waste containing inclusions of solid particles up to 5 cm in diameter from an underground storage tank. Therefore, it has a special device and is equipped with a powerful pump. In this case, the unit can have practical applications in everyday life - drainage of water during floods, floods, downpours, etc. There are the following types of it:

• Submersible.
• Semi-submersible.
• Superficial.

Each of them has its own structural features, purpose, specific installation and operation. When choosing a unit for specific conditions, the operating current rating, motor power, productivity, pressure force, type of housing material, control features and the manufacturing company are taken into account. Installation and operation of the device must be carried out strictly according to the instructions. Among manufacturers of sewage pumps, the most popular lines are such as Gilex, Grundfos, Calpeda, Pedrollo, Whirlwind and some others.

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Grundfos SEG

Grundfos SEG brand fecal pumps are equipped with a grinder, so they can be used for the disposal of wastewater, groundwater, and household waste. It is possible to connect to a bathroom to pump out liquids containing large amounts of contaminants.

The housing and main parts of the pump are made of cast iron, the motor is protected against overheating, and a system is installed to adjust the impeller. It takes liquid from a depth of 10 meters, the maximum permissible drain temperature is 400 C.