Ventilation in a country toilet with a cesspool: step-by-step instructions and recommendations for arrangement

Many city dwellers love trips to their dachas for the opportunity to take a break from the hustle and bustle of the big city and get some fresh air. Unless, of course, it is spoiled by poor-quality ventilation in a country toilet with a cesspool, but nothing can be done about it, these are the disadvantages of a country holiday.

Or is it still possible to do without the fetid amber that has taken up residence in the latrine?

We will tell you in detail how to properly arrange air exchange and enjoy an outdoor vacation without such small, but still unpleasant nuances.

Toilet at the dacha

A typical country toilet is a free-standing building made of brick or wood, which is installed above a cesspool.
During its operation, not only in the closet, but throughout the entire summer cottage, an unpleasant odor appears, caused by the decomposition of organic waste into methane and water. Gas is lighter than air and quickly spreads throughout the territory of the holiday village. To avoid this, a ventilation pipe is removed from the cesspool, and higher, so that “your smell does not reach your neighbors.” And everything seems to have been done correctly, but there is still an unpleasant smell in your country toilet. What to do in such a situation? And you need to do ventilation, but not easy, but forced. Ventilation in a country toilet is already provided for by its design, but if it is ineffective, then you need to install an exhaust fan in it. But since the area of ​​a country closet is rarely more than 2 m2, you can choose a fan with the smallest capacity of 30-50 m3/hour.

Self-installation - cheap and easy

The most difficult thing in this procedure is to make ventilation holes in the wall of your bathroom. This can be done using a hammer drill.

Material. Purchase a PVC pipe with a diameter of 110mm. The pipe should be such a length that its height when installed is 50 cm higher than the ridge. Start measuring 25-30 cm from the ceiling. In addition, you will need an elbow. There are elements that are curved at 90⁰, and others at 45⁰. For ease of installation, use this element with a 90⁰ bend. You will also need pipe fasteners, polyurethane foam, a cable box and an exhaust fan of the required capacity. Insert the knee into the hole made, with the short end inward. After this, secure it from the outside to the wall using the fastener

Important! The outer section of the pipe must be strictly vertical. Insert the main pipe into the elbow and secure the connection carefully. Secure the pipe from the outside of the wall with fasteners. Saw off the excess part of the knee, inside the bathroom, so that it is flush with the wall

Fill the gap between the knee and the wall with foam. Install the fan onto the hole using the standard fasteners included in the kit. Connect it to the power supply system, and hide the wires in a special box.

That's all, the ventilation in the toilet is made with your own hands and functions perfectly. All that remains is to put an umbrella on the head of the ventilation pipe to protect from precipitation and debris. The main thing is not to forget that for proper air exchange, in addition to the hood, you also need supply air, which can be provided through the holes in the door. They can be drilled at the very bottom and covered with fine metal mesh for better sound insulation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkJM3uxiKt8

And finally: ventilation in the toilet room is just as important as in other rooms. The safety of finishing materials, pipelines and... your health depends on its quality work!

Other odor control options

We looked at everything about installing a hood in a country toilet and how to make it correctly. High-quality ventilation is the key to comfortable use of the closet. Do not forget to regularly clean the ventilation grilles with warm water and soap and check the draft. And then you will no longer have to suffer with toilet amber.

But there are other ways to destroy or mask unpleasant odors. We do not recommend abandoning the installation of specialized systems, but as auxiliary means, we can offer you several options.

And, by the way, most of them also help reduce the amount of sewage.

Option 1 - chemicals

The first option is chemicals. They act very quickly and can be used at any time of the year.

There are drugs:

• nitrate;
• ammonium;
• bleaching powder.

Nitrates are the safest in environmental terms. They contain surfactants, help get rid of odor and even have some cleaning effect.

Ammonium preparations are also effective, but keep in mind that if you are pouring soap solutions into a cesspool, they cannot be used.

Please note that when using this option, waste from the cesspool must be disposed of. The use of composting products is strictly prohibited.

And finally, bleach, an extremely toxic substance, but inexpensive to purchase.

All of these products fight unpleasant odors and can be excellent helpers in your ventilation system. However, remember to be careful and follow the instructions for use.

Option 2 – bioactivators for the toilet

Summer residents are increasingly using bioactivators - concentrated products containing bacterial strains. They “work” at temperatures from 0 degrees and above.

Bacteria are actively involved in the disposal of sewage, which also helps eliminate odors.

Please note that despite the environmental friendliness of the choice of bioactivators, it is recommended to use them only according to the instructions on the packaging and keep them away from children.

The drug is sold in the form of tablets, liquids or powder.

Disadvantages of use include:

• Unviable at sub-zero temperatures.
• Death of bacteria in contact with a chemical environment.
• Accurate calculation of the amount of the drug, since if there is a lack of it, the bacteria will die or simply cannot cope with the volume of sewage.
• Slow results - about a week from the start of use.

Just like with chemicals, when using a bioactivator it is very important to strictly follow the instructions on the packaging.

Option 3 - peat fillers

Peat fillers contain high-calcareous peat and are used mainly for dry toilets, but they can also be used for cesspools.

They actively absorb moisture, negatively affect the formation of insects, quickly and efficiently process waste, and in addition, fight unpleasant odors.

Owners of summer cottages resort to various methods of eliminating unpleasant odors from latrines. Unfortunately, these methods cannot be more effective than installing real ventilation. But how can additional means be suitable and enhance the effect of fresh air?

In addition to peat, the following products are also used:

• Sawdust and ash - 1 cup is enough after each trip to the toilet.
• Freshly cut grass.
• Tomato tops and nettles actively absorb ammonia, which causes an unpleasant odor.

By the way, if you do not use detergents and other chemicals, the cesspools can then be used to create compost.

Installation Features

Let us first consider one common point in forced and natural exhaust - the removal of gas from the cesspool. Each of the options needs this moment. What will we need to do this?

1. Bayonet shovel
2. Fastenings for drainpipes
3. Drill or hammer drill, depending on what material the toilet stall is made of
4. Pipe Protective Wrap
5. Plastic pipe with a diameter of 100, or slightly more, millimeters
6. Deflector.

Installation process

1. First you need to dig a through hole with a shovel in order to run the pipe underground into a cesspool
2. Then install the drainage fasteners to the rear wall of the cabin
3. Install the pipe, it should be about half a meter above the roof level
4. Install a deflector at the upper end of the pipe.

Pipe coming out of a cesspool

Now you have made sure that too much methane does not accumulate in the cesspool.

Let's move on to the installation features of each ventilation method.

Installation of mechanical ventilation

As you already know, this option for cleaning a toilet stall from an unpleasant odor is the most effective. And as already mentioned, for its operation it is necessary to select a fan that will be installed in the exhaust vent located in the booth.

Important point. Under no circumstances should the blower be installed in an exhaust pipe coming from a cesspool.

Supply channel

What you need

As mentioned earlier, you will need a fan. But which one to choose? To provide a standard country toilet with a room area of ​​approximately two square meters, a 30 W device is perfect. There is no point in buying something more productive.

Tool kit:

1. Hammer or drill, depending on the material of construction
2. Screwdriver, electrical tape, pliers
3. Roulette and level.

We have decided on the tool, all that remains is to purchase additional materials:

1. Everything related to connecting to the power supply, namely: switch, adapters and cable with a protective layer from rain
2. Protective grille for supply and exhaust ducts.

Installation

Switch

The first thing you need to do is extend the power supply to the toilet stall. If it is located near the house, then the cable is pulled overhead from the attic. After that, electricity is supplied to the fan installation site in the booth and a switch is installed. Next, using a hammer drill or drill, supply and exhaust openings are made.

Now that everything is ready to install the fan, we mount it in the exhaust vent, secure it with self-tapping screws or construction adhesive, and connect it to the power supply. All that remains is to close the supply and exhaust channels with protective grilles.

Installation is complete.

The natural ventilation system is made in the same way as forced ventilation, but it is not necessary to provide power supply and install a fan. The operating principles remain the same.

Do-it-yourself supply ventilation of a dacha

Air flows during house ventilation

Constructing a supply ventilation system for a summer house with your own hands is a complex and quite expensive process. But some craftsmen, having thought about how the ventilation of a dacha is done, come to original solutions. The air flow is carried out using an air intake. It is mounted from the northern wall. The installation consists of a pair of duct fans and two pipes through which air flows into the body of an old but sealed refrigerator. Here are connected 2 radiators from the car, connected to the recuperator. Each room in the dacha is supplied with 2-4 pipes (depending on the power of the installation and the area of ​​the room) with ventilation grilles. Supply grilles are placed 0.2 - 0.3 m from the floor.

Air outflow occurs naturally. Increased pressure inside rooms squeezes air into corridors, kitchens and bathrooms. Ventilation pipes are installed here.

Thrifty owners use waste warm air in cold weather to heat the greenhouse. Those who want to take advantage of their experience will have to run the ventilation pipe not up through the roof, but towards the greenhouse. The air will be evacuated forcibly by a “snail” pump.

Installation of a toilet in the country

Of all the possible options, only a backlash closet can install a regular toilet with a tank and a water seal. For other varieties, a special country toilet is required.

In its simplest design, a country toilet is a cabinet with a hole at the top, on which a seat and a lid are attached. These are the structures that outdoor toilets are equipped with. The lid is needed to ensure that the contents of the cesspool do not attract flies. You can easily make such a toilet yourself.

An ordinary toilet in a country house

A more elegant option is a purchased country toilet, which can be made of ceramic or plastic. It differs from a regular toilet in the absence of a shelf for attaching the tank and a water seal (elbow).

It is impossible to say for sure which is better - a ceramic toilet or a plastic one, since each type has both advantages and disadvantages.

Ceramic toilets

Advantages:

• have a presentable appearance and at the same time retain it for a long time;
• have significant strength;
• do not absorb odors.

Flaws:

• are expensive;
• are fragile (if there is a strong impact, chips or cracks may appear);
• have a lot of weight, which requires the installation of a permanent floor in the toilet;

Ceramics are cold to the touch, so a plastic or wooden seat is required.

Plastic

Advantages:

• light weight (can be safely installed even in the flimsiest outdoor toilet);
• low cost;
• Impact resistance (will be scratched, but unlikely to crack);
• are warm to the touch.

Toilet for a summer residence made of durable plastic

Flaws:

• it looks very budget-friendly, and gets worse and worse over time, as the soft plastic gradually becomes covered with scratches;
• absorb odors.

As you can see, in terms of the ratio of strengths and weaknesses, a plastic toilet in a suburban area seems to be a completely acceptable option.

Powder closet and other types of dry closets

A plastic or ceramic country toilet can be placed in an outdoor toilet with a cesspool, but primarily they are equipped with dry toilets. In some cases, the product may have something similar to a drain tank, only instead of water it is filled with peat, sawdust or ash, and a dispenser is installed instead of a drain mechanism.

Dry toilets with such toilets are called powder closets. After performing natural needs, the user turns the dispenser handle, as a result of which the waste is sprinkled (powdered) with a portion of one of the above-mentioned bulk materials.

Powder-closet device diagram

Thanks to this, the following effect is achieved:

• the spread of unpleasant odors is prevented;
• the access of oxygen to waste is blocked, due to which special biochemical processes occur in it with the subsequent conversion of feces into fertilizer.

The powder closet is the only dry closet that you can make yourself.

Other types of dry closets are processed in the following ways:

• chemical: waste is doused with reagents, most of which are environmentally hazardous;
• combustion: there is a powerful electric heater that turns waste into ash (electricity required);
• freezing (also requires an electrical connection).

A country toilet can be produced either in the form of a toilet with a storage tank, for which you need to allocate a room or build a separate building, or in the form of a cubicle, which you simply need to install anywhere on the site.

Recommendations

Having completed the project and acquired the materials necessary for the work, you should strictly follow the assembly technologies and instructions for specific parts and elements. Particular attention is paid to sealing joints. The modern generation of building materials is characterized by a high level of unification. The parts are standard and fit together exactly. O-rings and gaskets make the joints reliable and durable. When assembling, you need to check the complete set of the entire device, and when assembling, do not ignore the advice offered by the manufacturers.

The toilet at the dacha will live up to expectations if the master follows the technology. Often, both professionals and amateurs use sealants to ensure tightness. Silicone-based compounds are popular today. The elastic structure and good adhesion make it possible to maintain the integrity of the joints even during vibrations and physical stress. Sealant connections are well worth the small investment required to purchase them.

Another important factor in successfully combating odor is the design of the latrine itself. If there is no supply air duct, then you can leave the hole open. When the toilet in the country is equipped with a full ventilation air exchange system, it is better to make a lid. The best way to get rid of the problem of unpleasant odor is to install a regular toilet. Conducting water today does not seem like a difficult task. As a result, the toilet acquires completely new qualities. The toilet has a device for forming a water plug. The drain moves along a sinusoidal curve. Clean water in this place is the most effective way to protect clean air. In this case, it is possible to completely seal the internal volume of the toilet from the sump.

When constructing a latrine adjacent to the main building, you can use another piece of advice from experienced craftsmen. You can fix the exhaust pipe along the wall of the house, extending it to the roof of the main building. The length of the route will increase significantly. This method is borrowed from the practice of stove makers. The higher the pipe, the stronger the draft. With this scheme, it may be necessary to install regulating shut-off valves, since high performance can cause a noticeable draft in the toilet.

You can improve traction using a deflector. Inexpensive device, easily installed at the upper end of the outlet pipe. The special design creates vortex flows, which are converted into directed movement of air masses. According to various estimates, the efficiency of the hood can increase by 10-20%. The device does not require an electrical connection; it operates autonomously, using exclusively aerodynamic laws and rules.

A few tips from summer residents

Having decided to install devices that provide ventilation in the country toilet with your own hands, you can use other schemes. The simplest is ventilation with a window.

Along with the supply air duct, a through hole of a rectangular or square shape is made in the wall. It is made at the top of the walls of the building, sometimes even under the ceiling. The window can be improved by installing a window frame and a mosquito net. But glassing is prohibited. Air should flow freely through the hole in the wall into the “closet” room.

It is equally important to ensure high-quality traction. To do this, many summer residents advise painting the outer part of the exhaust pipe, rising above the roof, black.

On sunny days, the air duct will heat up and this will increase the draft. There is another method that is no less effective, but energy dependent.

To install it, you will need a regular light bulb with a socket, which is lowered into the cavity of the exhaust air duct. This system works simply. When the light bulb is on, it heats up the pipe space and this creates additional vacuum in the air. That is, traction increases.

Landscaping of a summer cottage begins with the installation of a water supply and the construction of a sewerage system. In small areas with small country houses, a cubicle for a closet, which has a cesspool, is installed on the street. In this case, the problem of the appearance of an unpleasant odor from human waste often arises. True, you can take a number of measures to get rid of it.

The need for ventilation

A country or rural street toilet is usually the simplest building, most often wooden or brick. The place for collecting sewage is a cesspool with or without a container installed in it.

As human waste accumulates, a terrible smell appears - the result of the decomposition of organic matter with the participation of bacteria.

The smell is terrible and long-lasting, it is extremely annoying to others, but if it can still be tolerated by those who are not too impressionable, then the methane released is toxic for humans, it causes dizziness and nausea even with short-term contact

In addition, in such a toilet there are fat flies that crawl through the sewage and spread infection and parasites.

Fortunately, the design of the cesspool, which is how outdoor latrines are most often constructed, allows accumulated feces to be promptly removed through an opening in the building, and in addition, it is possible to actually install functioning ventilation in the building.

Theoretically, it can be included in an already built toilet, but still, it is best to provide for it at the design stage of the closet.

We will tell you what types of ventilation of country latrines exist and you can choose the most optimal option for you.

In total, there are several toilets for summer cottages on the market:

• Street with a cesspool.
• Powder closet.
• Backlash closet.
• Dry toilet.
• Chem. toilet.
• Toilet with peat filler.

To correctly decide on the type of toilet, you need to know the groundwater level in a particular place. If the water is far away (deeper than 2.5 m) and does not exceed this mark even in the rainy season, then you can install any of the options presented above.

A country toilet with a pit is truly a time-tested design. This is nothing more than an ordinary pit 1.5 m deep, on top of which a frame is built. All sewage accumulates in the pit itself and gradually decomposes. If you often use such a country toilet, then the pit quickly fills up, and the sewage does not have time to ferment. Previously, this oversight was resolved by simply digging holes and moving the house to a new location. Now you can use the services of vacuum cleaners.

Powder closet is a good solution in areas with high groundwater levels. There is no pit in this toilet. Instead, a container is installed, which is placed directly under the toilet seat. To combat unpleasant odors, you should use peat bedding after use. Actually, from this circumstance the name follows - “powder-closet”. As soon as the container is filled, it is emptied.

A backlash closet is a toilet with a completely sealed pit, which is cleaned by a cesspool device. Typically, such structures are installed in a house next to the wall of the house facing outside. The pit itself is located outside. The pit has a slight slope towards the house to make cleaning convenient.

A dry toilet is a common cubicle for city residents with a container containing active microorganisms for effective recycling. Probably, this particular method is the simplest option for arranging a country toilet. A ready-made toilet is easy to purchase.

The chemical country toilet differs from all known dry toilets solely by means of recycling. In our case, we use chemicals. reagents, in this regard, the contents of the containers shortly after processing cannot be used as fertilizer.

A peat toilet is the so-called home version of a powder closet. In fact, the well-known powder closet is also classified as peat, because it uses ordinary peat to powder the fecal filling. The home version of the peat toilet is another achievement of engineering.

How does an outdoor toilet work?

The construction of country toilets is a simple process, because in this case the sewerage system is replaced with a deep hole. Liquid waste masses accumulate in it, which are destroyed through evaporation and absorption through the ground. Only occasionally it is necessary to call special equipment to fully clean the cesspool.

The frequency of calling out special vehicles depends on the degree of filling and depth of the pit. The procedure for destroying waste masses can be quite rare. This problem is usually resolved by falling asleep. After this, a new waste reservoir is formed near it. The above-ground part of the toilet can be a structure made of different materials:

• metal profiles;
• planks;
• slate sheets;
• bricks and so on.

Important components of a high-quality design are the reliability of the frame base and the presence of innovative ventilation. If we talk about the types of cabins (booths) of a country toilet, then we can distinguish two main design options:

• with a pitched roof - these are the well-known “birdhouses”;
• with a gable roof - huts, houses and huts (houses).

Features of the ventilation system

The ventilation of a toilet in a modern private house is practically no different from the ventilation of a bathroom in apartments. This is if it was designed during construction.

But in many houses, not so long ago they began to install a bathroom. How it happens: The house was built several decades ago, when there was no sewage system, and, like many at that time, there was a toilet, but only on the street. But under the influence of fashion, or simply wanting convenience, it was decided to equip one of the rooms of the house as a toilet room. As a rule, this is one of the auxiliary rooms in which ventilation was not initially provided. A sewer pipe was laid that leads to a cesspool, a toilet was installed and water was supplied from the well using a portable pumping station. It seemed like that was all, but there was still no ventilation. The result: the smell spreads throughout the house, the bathroom is damp and there is mold on the ceiling and walls. And the conveniences remained in dreams again.

There are situations when an auxiliary room is not chosen for a bathroom, but as a result of redevelopment of the house, a place is purposefully made for it. And it even has ventilation, but still, the smell, mold, in general, everything is according to the old scheme. This happens because the room for the bathroom used to be part of the living space, and the ventilation for it was done like for a room. The bathroom requires much more intense air circulation, at least 25 cubic meters per hour. The ventilation system simply cannot cope with the new requirements. In addition to the necessary air exchange, proper ventilation of the septic tank is also required.

We described this situation in some detail, since a huge number of residents of the private sector of the cities and villages of our vast Motherland did exactly that. What can you advise in this situation? Study the hardware and arrange ventilation in the toilet of a private house.

What is an exhaust fan and its purpose?

A fan is a compact device that, using blades on a shaft, moves air flows through the pipes of the ventilation system. However, it does not affect the natural exhaust into the bathroom, provided that there is a check valve in the supply pipe.

Purpose. A fan is needed in places where dampness, smoke or unpleasant odors accumulate. Since unfavorable moments lead to destruction and the formation of fungus or the appearance of dark spots on the walls and ceiling, this device is used. Read more about how to make a hood in a toilet in a private house here.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system

There are two main types of ventilation:

1. Mechanical
2. Natural.

To make it clear, none of the systems can work without two elements: the supply and exhaust ducts. If at least one is missing, then the draft stops, therefore, the exhaust air does not leave the room.

Now let’s dwell on the choice of air circulation method, consider all the pros and cons of each system.

Mechanical ventilation

This method of purifying the air from foreign accumulations is considered the most effective, but in addition it is also more expensive. This occurs by installing a fan in the exhaust opening leading outside. Thanks to the supercharger, the traction force is controlled, which leads to increased performance. Everything seems to be good, except that the price is a bit steep, but there are other disadvantages:

1. More complex installation for an outdoor toilet
2. Power dependency
3. During operation of the device, it may be necessary to change parts, and the use itself is more expensive.

Fan

But despite this, if you want your toilet to smell like a meadow for a whole year, think about installing a forced ventilation system.

Natural ventilation

For those who want to save a little and do not care about a slight unpleasant odor in the summer, they can safely choose a natural ventilation system. It will be enough to remove excess methane accumulating in the cabin space. In addition, equipping a toilet with this method of air circulation is quite simple.

The following characteristic features of this method of air purification can be distinguished:

1. Ease of execution
2. Cheapness
3. It works weaker than forced, and is not effective enough in the summer.

Toilet with exhaust window

Where to place the toilet

When choosing a place for a toilet in a summer cottage, do not forget about the norms and requirements for placing such a building. This is especially true for those structures that will have contact not only with soil, but also with groundwater. When choosing a suitable location, you should consider several rules:

1. The toilet should be built 25 meters from any body of water. If the dacha plot is located on sloping terrain, then such structures should be installed below the water source. This will prevent impurities from entering the water.
2. If there is a cellar or basement, then the toilet should be located 12 meters from such buildings.
3. Also, the bathroom must be located 8 meters from the bathhouse or sauna.
4. The toilet should be located 4 meters from buildings where animals live.
5. You should not place glazes near trees and bushes. There should be a distance of 4 meters between them.
6. The toilet should be located a meter from the border with the neighboring plot.

In addition to these rules, when choosing a suitable location, you should take into account the wind rose. This will avoid trouble with neighbors.

Natural ventilation is the best choice for a country toilet

For a suburban area, especially if it is not used regularly, there is no need to install complex and expensive devices. It is enough to observe the necessary measures for the installation of important structural elements. A window in the toilet will not solve problems. It is necessary to create an influx of fresh air and exhaust directly from the waste collection site. Ventilation for outdoor toilets assembled in this way will radically change the processes occurring there. The natural draft created is sufficient for normal operation of the system.

It is advisable to equip a closet with forced exhaust devices when, for example, it is decided to divert the outlet air duct to a certain distance from the toilet, or the section of the pipeline is in a horizontal position. Such route schemes do not differ in functionality under the natural regime of inflow and exhaust. Often an outdoor toilet duplicates the main bathroom located in the house. They are not used as often, so the issue of cleaning and maintenance is not as relevant as compared to the sewerage system, where the main flow of waste flows. An outdoor toilet is very convenient in the summer and with due attention during construction it will not become a source of unpleasant odors, but a comfortable addition to a country holiday.

Tips for installing ventilation in the bathroom

Installation of forced ventilation in the bathroom and toilet of an apartment is most often done in an exhaust version. To do this, a small axial fan of the required power is placed in the existing ventilation duct and fixed there. The air ducts already exist; it is impossible to expand or completely replace them with new ones. If necessary, all that remains is to install an exhaust fan in them.

Installation diagram of forced ventilation with a common ventilation shaft

For a cottage, you can choose any type of ventilation in the bathroom. But even here, if the house has already been built, then in most cases a system with a conventional duct hood is installed. It’s easier and cheaper than others to do it yourself. This is not water supply from a well, for the installation of which you need to invite installers with special equipment. Here you can handle it yourself.

Fan wiring diagram

If the bathroom already has natural ventilation, then adding an electric fan to increase efficiency is easy. You just need to correctly calculate its power.

Electrical diagram of a bathroom with forced ventilation

If there are no ventilation ducts in the room, you will have to break them through. However, first you need to correctly calculate their size and location. In such a situation, it is better to entrust the design of ventilation for the bathroom to a professional. Here you will need to take into account the air exchange throughout the house, and not just in the bathroom. Without proper knowledge, it is unlikely that it will be possible to make calculations correctly and accurately.

Ventilation system installation options

Ventilation should be designed so that the air ducts have a minimum of bends inside. The fan installed inside must exactly fit the ventilation duct in size so that it does not create unnecessary noise and works with maximum efficiency.

Structural elements for ventilation installation

Also, ventilation equipment should not be placed next to heating devices. The fan itself gets hot during operation; additional heat from other devices is contraindicated for it.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=mz3NcHFO3to

Features of the construction of street latrines

A typical country toilet is a cubicle with a cesspool underneath. The cabin can be made of wood, brick, boards - at the discretion of the owner. A seat is installed inside it.

At first glance, the construction of this structure does not cause any difficulties. But make no mistake. The main point that can cause problems when building a country toilet is ventilation. It needs to be designed at the very beginning.

A cesspool is a depression in the ground. The volume of the pit depends on the number of people visiting the toilet. On average, 1 cubic meter is enough for 2 people. m.

A mandatory requirement when digging a hole: its depth must be 1 meter above the spring groundwater level. The walls are reinforced with bricks, tarred wood or concrete. The bottom of the pit does not need to be sealed. In this case, the liquid will be absorbed into the soil. Increasingly, summer residents began to install various containers in the cesspool.

The cesspool is designed to collect human waste - urine and feces. Organic matter decomposes over time.

At the same time, methane and hydrogen sulfide are released into the environment. In addition to the unpleasant odor, methane has the property of destroying wooden walls and partitions. Therefore, the floor should be made of boards impregnated with antiseptics and not susceptible to the negative effects of methane.

The cesspool is located in 2 ways:

• at some distance from the booth;
• under the booth.

When installing a cesspool separately from the toilet itself, the smell is minimal. But this method requires more both costs and labor. In this case, it is necessary to install water supply and sewer pipes from the cabin to the pit. It is worth building a toilet in this way only if people live in the country all year round.

If the cottage is used infrequently, then the construction of such a restroom is unprofitable. In this case, the pit is made directly under the booth. And here, to ensure a sufficient amount of fresh air indoors, a ventilation system is needed.

Useful tips

1. Before building a country toilet, choose the right place, it is best if it is further away from buildings and located in a lowland.
2. When making ventilation, it is better to calculate everything in advance and do all the steps without missing anything, only in this case you can be sure that foreign odors will not bother you and your neighbors.
3. The best material for a country toilet is wood, since thanks to the gaps between the boards you can create additional ventilation, but still this will not be enough, so supplement the structure with forced ventilation.
4. Today, hardware stores offer a wide range of modern forced-air hoods; for example, you can buy a decorative grille with a built-in fan. This wonderful device can be easily integrated into your country toilet and thereby equip it with a high-quality ventilation system. And these are not all the opportunities that manufacturers offer their consumers.

Our article told us how to properly install and design ventilation in an outdoor toilet. There is nothing difficult in installation, so every owner of a country house will be able to carry out the installation independently, and thanks to manufacturers, you can purchase new ultra-modern ventilation systems that will help remove foreign odors efficiently and deliver a fresh smell to the toilet. Properly installed ventilation will allow you to be close to the toilet and not feel its presence.

Types of outdoor toilets and ventilation methods

Toilet diagram: 1 - ventilation pipe (hood); 2 — seat on the toilet seat; 3 — cesspool hatch; 4 - bottom with a slope.

Country toilets are divided into two main types:

1. The cesspool is located directly under the toilet.
2. The pit is located near the toilet.

The first type of toilet design in a country house is the simplest and most common, since here the waste goes directly into the pit. But this design is not entirely suitable for frequent use. The second option is suitable if this is the main toilet. However, then it is necessary to think in advance about the option of running water in the country toilet or a suitable drainage method for this. After familiarizing yourself with the type of toilet, you need to decide which hood to use. Here are the two main types of air ventilation:

1. The natural way is for the air in the toilet stall to move on its own.
2. Forced method - air moves with the help of a fan.

To implement both types of hoods you need:

• the presence of supply and exhaust ducts in the walls;
• installation of an exhaust system over a cesspool.

The main thing is not to mount the fan into a pipe. Everything has now become clear with the hood in the pit; now we need to do the same in the booth. For this you will need:

1. Impact drill or hammer drill.
2. Ventilation grilles.

It is the cesspool that causes unpleasant odors in the cabin, since all the waste collects in it. They produce a specific gas - methane, which subsequently rises upward into the toilet stall. The result of such an accumulation of gas can be a deterioration in the well-being of the person in the booth.

Stoves and fireplaces for ventilation of small cottages

Natural oven ventilation

A modern execution of ancient building technologies: this is a one-story house made of timber, with a fireplace or stove and always wooden window frames. Such a country house is perfectly ventilated without special investments.

The wall material will not let the summer heat into the rooms. In winter, the stove will serve as a hood and a heating device at the same time. But to assemble such a dacha ventilation system with your own hands, you will need the skills of a stove maker.

A fireplace can be a good option for ventilation in a country house. The air flow will flow through the cracks in the frames or open vents (if the windows are made of plastic). Blowing out through a chimney.

At the same time, the heating problem for a country house used all year round is also solved.

This system is suitable for a building made of any materials, a small area and used mainly in the warm season.

Construction of cesspools

Let's say that you like to do everything with your own hands and decided to start the arrangement by building a toilet on your summer cottage. Then first you will need to dig a hole and choose one of the options for finishing it:

• Brick
• Concrete rings
• Install an airtight container

But first, carefully study the existing standards. Which indicate that the location of the cesspool should be determined according to the following parameters:

1. We leave a distance of at least 5 m from her to the house,
2. From the bottom to the groundwater level, a layer of soil of about a meter is allowed,
3. It may also be about 1 m to the site boundary,
4. If there is a source of water on the site, then depending on the type of soil, leave from 20 to 50 m.

In addition, when choosing a place for a pit, you should not forget that its contents will be pumped out by a machine, which means there must be convenient access.

watch a video review of what a cesspool should be like:

The dimensions of this structure depend on the number of people living in the house. According to the rules, the permissible volume per person is 0.5 m³. But it also depends on the type of soil; for a sandy structure this value is enough, but for clay it is better to increase it.

Interior design of an outdoor bathroom

Ventilation in the toilet and bathroom: how to do it yourself?

Before carrying out interior work indoors, you need to lay a cable for the lighting device. You can do this yourself by entering the electrical wiring through a mast, which should be attached to the back wall of the bathroom. At the same time, its height is 2.5 m. Cable routing should be done in an open way. The wire cross-section must be at least 2.5 mm2. For lighting, use a lamp with a power of 40 W or less.

Design option for a country toilet

To construct the seat, use bars with a cross-section of 30x60 cm. Build a frame 400 mm high from them, and attach them using self-tapping screws. The finished structure must be sheathed with plywood or OSB board. In this case, you must remember to leave a hole in the place where the plastic container is installed. The final step is to attach the seat with lid, which is used for a regular toilet. When everything is ready, paint the interior and exterior of the bathroom with paint or varnish, which will extend its life and help keep the wood in its original condition.

In this simple way, you can build an outdoor toilet yourself, using an ordinary container made of plastic or metal.

Types of systems

The ventilation system in a toilet in a country house or country house is organized using several methods:

1. Natural. The air flow occurs by gravity, under the influence of ventilation. A pressure difference in the air mass is created in the room.
2. Forced. Mechanical devices such as a fan, air heater, etc. are used.
3. Exhaust. Natural supply and exhaust ventilation allows you to achieve good results. Let's look at all the methods in more detail.

Natural

An ordinary window in the wall of a toilet stall performs a dual function: a source of daylight and an opening for moving air along the window-cesspool route. The geometry and shape of the window do not play any role, but there are some requirements for this element.

1. The window does not need to be glassed; air must circulate constantly. In winter it is easier to cover it with a sheet of plywood, minimizing the flow of cold.
2. Snow and rain should not get into the hole, so it should be mounted under the roof or canopy itself.
3. To enhance ventilation, two holes are cut out - in the doors and one of the walls.
4. To prevent insects from flying inside, cover the window with fine mesh or gauze.
5. Experts recommend organizing holes in the lower part of the walls in the form of several slits, covering them with grating. This option will significantly improve circulation.

Forced

Using this approach, you can make the hood more effective due to the fact that:

• forced exchange is carried out indoors, not only in a cesspool;
• bad odors are removed almost immediately;
• the air is renewed at the required frequency;
• mechanical devices work in any weather.

The main disadvantage of the method is that you will have to supply electricity and fork out for the necessary equipment.

The easiest way to force it is to install the fan opposite the window and activate it with a special switch.

It is important to insulate the wiring, protecting it from precipitation and moisture. Usually it is led outside the toilet from the attic of the house to the roof of the stall

If the size of the toilet room is small (about two squares), a 30 W fan will be enough for your eyes. Both channels - exhaust and supply - are covered with a mesh or grate.

There is little fresh air in a closed cesspool; there is no forced ventilation for it. Usually a pipe equipped with a fan is lowered there, which creates a pressure difference. The exhausted air is discharged through the cabin.

There is another option: purchase a 3-5 W duct fan, equipped with a sensor - a blade rotation speed regulator. The sensor is installed indoors; it is used to manually set the value of the diversion draft.

Exhaust

When installing the toilet, another additional hole is made in the base of the stall. As a result:

• through this hole air enters the pit;
• The air mass exits through the installed pipe.

As a result, we have two outlets - one from the toilet room, the second from the pit.

For installation, you will need a gray PVC pipe with a diameter of 10 cm. Its length should be sufficient so that the lower end is in the hole, and the upper end rises 30 centimeters above the roof.

Perfect option:

• install a toilet stall at some distance from the pit, connecting them with a sewer pipe;
• Using a tee, remove the ventilation pipe from the sewer pipe.

In this case, there will be no unpleasant odor at all. True, a water supply will be needed to dispose of sewage in such a system.

How to properly install a ventilation system

It is possible to make effective ventilation of a country toilet with a cesspool with your own hands only if you take an integrated approach. Stable air circulation is mandatory not only for the toilet stall, but also for the cesspool.

Installation of a natural ventilation system

The main element in the implementation of natural ventilation is most often a window provided in the door or wall. In order to prevent precipitation, it is recommended to place it at the highest possible level. There is no need to glass the window; it is better to simply equip the opening with a mosquito net. It will protect you from mosquitoes and will not interfere with the ventilation of the interior space.

You can increase the intensity of air exchange using holes, which are best located in the lower part

It is important that the window is on the opposite side to the lower holes. Air access to the cesspool is provided by a vertical pipe

The main condition for installation is that its lower part is located above the maximum filling level of the container. The pipe must be at least 7 cm higher than the closet, and its circumference greater than 10 cm

Air access to the cesspool is provided by a vertical pipe. The main condition for installation is that its lower part is located above the maximum filling level of the container. The pipe must be at least 7 cm higher than the closet, and its circumference greater than 10 cm.

PVC pipe is ideal for this task. It is easy to install and allows you to quickly install a deflector at the outer end to prevent water from freezing.

The pipe is attached to the back of the building

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Calculations are made to determine the required pipe length.
2. Use a shovel to dig a passage to the cesspool.
3. Fix the pipe inserted into the dug hole to the wall of the building.
4. The entry point is covered and compacted with sand.

Installation of a forced ventilation system

A fan extracts air from the toilet area here. If the cabin area is about 2 square meters, a power plant with a power of 30 W is quite suitable. The fan attached at the top must be provided with power. To do this, you need to carry out work on connecting the electrical cable in advance.

Fan for forced air exchange

Due to the fact that the cesspool does not have sufficient air volume, it is not recommended to use artificial ventilation. During operation of the power plant, a rarefied atmosphere will be formed. And it can only be restored using air from the cabin.

Having decided to do the ventilation of a country toilet with your own hands, it is very important to carry out all construction work in strict accordance with technologies and standards. If you have the slightest doubt in your abilities, it is strongly recommended to seek help from specialists.

Construction of a toilet and installation of a ventilation system

If you are going to start building a toilet on your personal plot, separate from other buildings, then you need to take care of ventilation at the initial stage of construction work. Before removing the walls of the building, make a ventilation pipe for the pit. With its help, you can protect not only yourself, but also your neighbors from foreign odors that escape into the street, rather than gathering in the booth. But it’s also worth taking care of the ventilation inside the building; if the building is of good quality, with tightly closing doors, and the lid most often remains open, then all the unpleasant odors will accumulate inside.

What types of ventilation are there?

Ventilation in a country toilet is of two types:

• Natural;
• Artificial.

The first type is provided without any additional mechanisms or devices, but as a result of natural processes: it depends not only on the direction of the air flow, but also on internal and external pressure.

But forced ventilation in the toilet is provided only with the help of special systems, this also applies to those that are connected to electricity. If you decide to build a toilet yourself, then you can handle the ventilation without the help of a professional.

What is more profitable, build or buy?

What is more profitable to buy a ready-made house for an outdoor restroom or build it yourself? This choice depends entirely on the owner of the summer cottage.

To build a hut-shaped toilet from a wooden base and cover it with clapboard you will need:

The approximate amount of building materials needed to build such a bathroom:

• edged boards - one 6 meters, and the second - 4 meters;
• floor boards – 4 pieces, 6 meters long;
• three-meter lining - 2-4 packs;
• roofing felt - 1.5 meters;
• glassine - at least 4 meters;
• sand - about 2 buckets;
• galvanized nails – 2 kilograms;
• slate nails - 20 pieces;
• nails without heads - 2 kilograms;
• self-tapping screws;
• 8-wave slate – 2 sheets;
• door with fittings;
• galvanized iron for the ridge - 1 sheet;
• antifungal composition.

Use of chemicals

Chemical compounds help effectively eliminate siltation and eliminate bad odors. These products are resistant to any thermodynamics, but are not suitable for use in a frozen pit.

The wastewater storage tank is cleaned using the following types of chemicals:

• Liquid formaldehyde;
• Lime chloride;
• Ammonium salt oxidizers.

The listed chemical products effectively liquefy fecal matter, dissolve organic matter and turn waste into a standard high-concentration alkaline solution. The main disadvantage of these chemicals is their high level of carcinogenicity and toxicity, which are harmful to health and the environment.

For household purposes, nitrate oxidizers are the safest. An additional advantage is the possibility of using oxidation decomposition products as fertilizer. A significant drawback of the product is its high price.

Which exhaust duct is better: aluminum or plastic?

Very often, uninformed buyers ask the question “which is better, a plastic or aluminum air duct.” Exhaust pipes made of plastic have more advantages than aluminum ones. Compared to them, they:

• make virtually no noise;
• in their design there are no gaps and cracks where debris could get clogged, thereby forming a blockage;
• Compared to aluminum structures, plastic ones are lightweight, which greatly simplifies the installation procedure;
• low resistance level, etc.

The only drawback of plastic air ducts is that their cost is much higher than the price of aluminum exhaust pipes. In all other respects, they outperform metal options.

Possible causes of malfunction

Over time, natural ventilation may fail. Debris, dust and cobwebs gradually accumulate in the channels; they should be cleaned from time to time. The easiest way to clean is with a brush, threaded onto a long flexible handle.

Chimney sweeps cleaning ventilation ducts sometimes use a can of flammable liquid, thereby burning out accumulated debris. It is better if you entrust such work to a specialist; experience in this matter is important.

Toilet design

After choosing a suitable location, you should think about the appearance of the building

If a toilet is being built without a cesspool, then it is better to pay attention to buildings such as “birdhouse” or “hut”. Of course, each structure has its own advantages and disadvantages

In the first case, the toilet becomes as spacious as possible. However, birdhouse-type buildings are subject to the influence of the environment and atmospheric phenomena. But the walls of the “hut” type structure are reliably protected from rain and snow. Here it is the roof that suffers the most.

If necessary, you can build a regular toilet, but without a cesspool. In such a situation, a retractable container is placed in the foundation area, which is designed to collect sewage. As such a container, you can use a bucket, box, tank or ordinary wooden box filled with peat, sawdust and sand.