Sewage system in an apartment building: 6 main elements

Michel
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Michel July 7, 2016Specialization: plumber with 10 years of experience, computer repair specialist, powerlifting coach. I have extensive experience in construction, interior decoration, and making homemade furniture. Hobbies: sports

Probably, few of the readers are familiar in detail with the sewerage system in an apartment building. In my article I am going to fill this gap by describing all the elements of the wastewater system, its typical problems and methods for eliminating them.

Scheme of the sewerage system in an apartment building.

Down up

Let's start with a simple listing of sewerage elements. When listing, we will move against the movement of stocks - from bottom to top:

1. The yard sewage well is located under the authority of the Gorvodokanal. It ends in a well that discharges the drains of several risers outside the walls of the house (usually from one entrance);
2. The outlet to the well is a pipe with a slope in its direction, laid through the foundation of the building and laid below the freezing level of the soil. The outlet discharges wastewater into a tray in the concrete bottom of the well;
3. Lezhnevka is a horizontal pipe connecting sewer risers;

Sewer bed.

I am using terms used in the region where I happened to work as a plumber. Often, even among professionals, the same object is called differently. The same bed can be called a sun lounger or simply a horizontal sewer.

1. A riser is a vertical pipe that collects drains from apartments located above each other;
2. Comb - intra-apartment sewerage. It got its name in those days when plastic wiring for apartments with adjacent bathtubs and kitchens was made monolithic and really looked like a rare comb for combing hair;
3. Fan pipe - ventilation outlet of the riser to the roof.

Now let's move on in the same order.

What types of drains are there - gravity and siphon

In modern construction, two main schemes for constructing wastewater systems are used:

• gravity;
• working on the principle of a siphon.

The first of them collect and drain water using gutters with slopes. In this case, the system is partially filled with water.

The drainage system, built on the siphon principle, separates water from air at the inlet of the flow into the storm sewer pipe. As a result, a continuous column of water is formed, and the efficiency of the system increases significantly.

When determining the main parameters of storm drainage, many factors are taken into account:

1. Climatic conditions in the construction region in terms of precipitation and ambient temperature.
2. Roof type.
3. The catchment area is an indicator that takes into account the size of the roof.

When operating siphon systems, the following requirements must be met:

• the storm drain must be thoroughly insulated, including the installation of heating cables;
• Sound insulation is necessary, since the flow of water makes loud sounds.

The optimal design of a water intake funnel consists of a glass and a lid. The glass is made integral with the funnel, but with a removable lid.

Structurally, the glass can be wider than the funnel, in which case it can be used to fix the edges of the roofing sheet.

To summarize what has been said, we can distinguish four components of a storm drainage system in a multi-storey building:

• funnel for collecting water from the roof plane;
• a riser used as a transmission link for supplying water to the bottom of the system;
• outlet pipes to remove water from the waste system away from the building;
• release - is responsible for draining the sewage substance into the citywide network.

In addition, it is installed at the junction of the roofing pie with the drain, so it needs careful sealing. The funnel is located at the lowest point of the roof section; the slope is provided when pouring the roof screed.

Installing an internal sewer system is not a particularly difficult task; you only need knowledge and certain professional training.

When designing and installing storm drainage systems for multi-storey buildings, SNiP 2.04.01.85 is the main document regulating the requirements for this system and the rules for its installation.

Well

Description

If the storm sewer is closed with lattice covers to receive wastewater, then the yard sewer well is closed with a monolithic cover, which prevents the entry of foreign objects into it.

Well cover.

Its location is marked on the wall of the house with a designation of the form KK12, KK5, etc., in which the letters indicate the sewer well, and the number indicates the distance to this well in meters along a line drawn perpendicular to the wall with the designation.

A typical material for well walls is reinforced concrete rings with a diameter of 1000 mm. Steel brackets are fixed in the wall, allowing you to go down to the bottom level. The bottom is concreted to prevent untreated waste from entering the ground; There is usually a recess in the concrete - a tray that directs wastewater into the next well and then into the collector.

Problems

A blockage between the wells means that the entrance drains enter it, but do not go to the collector. Cleaning according to the current regulations must be carried out pneumatically:

Instructions for pneumatic clearing of blockages.

As you know, in our country not all technological operations are carried out in accordance with the regulations. Drain cleaning is no exception. In practice, sewer wire is used for it - steel wire with a diameter of 5 - 6 mm with a hook at one end and a handle at the other.

Cleaning is carried out as follows:

1. The coil of wire is completely unwound;
2. The mechanic goes down into the well and feeds the wire with a hook to the blockage;
3. His partner pulls the wire, preventing it from folding into loops, and rotates the handle, helping the hook break the cork.

Blocked yard drain.

This method has four serious disadvantages.

1. The walls of the well are always covered with a layer of dried sewage. A person who descends into it rises to the surface in a very unsightly form;
2. The brackets of old wells are often partially or completely destroyed: wet waste fumes have a detrimental effect on the steel;
3. Methane and other gases that are products of fermentation of wastewater or penetrating from the ground often accumulate in the well. By themselves they are not overly toxic; however, a lack of oxygen may well lead to loss of consciousness, and lifting an adult from a narrow shaft is more than a difficult task. The accumulation of gases in wells leads to the death of several people every year;
4. When clearing a blockage, a multi-meter column of sewage hits the opposite wall of the well with such speed and force that it is quite problematic to escape from the splashes.

Typical condition of a properly functioning well.

That is why experienced Vodokanal mechanics carry with them to accidents the simplest device - a pipe with a diameter of 32 - 40 mm, bent in the shape of a hockey stick. Its short side is inserted into the outlet from the side of the well, after which the wire is fed to the blockage through the pipe.

Additional treatment of wastewater in the ground

The location of the septic tank determines not only the type and design of the treatment device, but also the soil treatment technologies used.

An absorption well is the simplest and most space-consuming soil treatment device. The wastewater is discharged into the ground through the bottom and walls of the well, which is the last section of the septic tank or the discharge device of the aeration biofilter. The absorption part of the well (bottom and perforated walls) must necessarily be located above the groundwater level (GWL) and below the depth of soil freezing. If the water level on the site is too high, the construction of a absorption well is impossible. We recommend that you remove the source of drinking water (well, well) from the absorber as much as possible. And not only your own, but also your neighbor’s.

Installation of a filtration well made of perforated reinforced concrete rings. Absorption of wastewater by soil will be carried out both through the bottom and through the walls

The filter trench is a perforated horizontal pipe sprinkled with gravel. The clarified waste seeps through the holes into the backfill; bacteria live on the surface of the pebbles and process biological contaminants. The advantages of this solution: low cost, minimum excavation work, the possibility of installing filtration at high groundwater levels. Disadvantage: neither trees nor shrubs can be planted near the filter trench. When a trench used in winter is buried above the freezing level of the soil, it must be isolated from the surface with a layer of hydrophobic insulation. Expanded polystyrene and expanded clay are suitable.

The length of the trench is calculated based on the volume of wastewater and the presence of ventilation

An analogue of a filter trench with an increased volume of backfill and protected from atmospheric influences. If the infiltrator is equipped with a ventilation outlet to the surface and thereby ensures air flow into the trench, the process of processing organic matter can be intensified. The device can be located both below and above ground level, partially or fully. This solution is used at very high groundwater levels in combination with an aeration tank with forced pumping of wastewater, when other systems are not suitable. The pipe and backfill are covered with a polymer “lid” on top, insulated if necessary and covered with soil. An earthen mound overgrown with grass remains on the surface.

The infiltrator can be multi-sectional

In essence, the filtration field is a system of branched filter trenches. Thanks to the long length of the pipes, the best wastewater treatment is achieved. You cannot plant a garden above pipes. By the way, the magnificent lawns in front of private houses in America are laid out just above the filtration fields, because 95% of houses in North American towns are equipped with local sewer systems. Filtration fields are inexpensive in warm climates, but installing them in areas with deep soil freezing is not so profitable; the volume of excavation work is too large.

The filtering field is a good thing, but it takes up a lot of space

Outlet to the well

Description

The typical outlet diameter is 100-150 millimeters. The beginning of the outlet from the basement is equipped with a plugged tee for cleaning. The slope of the pipe is at least 1 centimeter per linear meter; changes in slope, and especially counter-slopes, are strictly prohibited, as they will inevitably lead to constant blockages.

Since the outlet is laid in the ground, quite stringent requirements are imposed on the strength of the pipes. The release is being laid:

• Cast iron pipe (including ductile iron pipe - high-strength cast iron with nodular graphite);
• An orange PVC pipe designed for outdoor use and with high ring rigidity.

Problems

With regard to the areas of responsibility in relation to the outlet, the situation is quite complicated: its blockages are cleared by employees of the housing department or the management company, repairs and replacements are carried out by them; however, damage to the outlet due to subsidence of the well walls must be repaired by Gorvodokanal. However, every controversial case serves as a cause for friction between interested parties.

Replacing the outlet with a well involves excavation work in the basement and outside.

The most common exhaust problem is a clog. Its causes are:

• Rags dropped by residents into the toilet when washing floors. The rag clings to any unevenness inside the pipes and quickly becomes overgrown with other debris;
• Fat plugs. Fat from the plates settles on the walls of the pipes as the wastewater cools, gradually reducing their useful cross-section.

In this case, sewer cleaning in an apartment building is also carried out using sewer wire. It is practiced to clear blockages from both the basement and the well.

Discharge to the well after cleaning from the basement side.

When clearing the grease plug, the hook at the end of the wire is made larger, and the wire itself, with continuous rotation, passes the blockage several times. The goal is to remove as much fat as possible from the pipe walls.

The principle of operation of city sewerage

City household sewerage is an external sewerage system for drainage systems in private and multi-storey buildings. It is a complex engineering system designed not only for drainage, but also for disposal of household wastewater. This system is designed quite simply and operates on the non-pressure principle of natural drainage.

The central sewer system consists of:

• Sewage wells;
• Pipeline networks;
• Street, district and city collectors with pumping stations;
• Treatment facilities.

Sewage wells are located near any building. They are the protective mechanisms that protect the system from blockages. Collectors are engineering structures that collect wastewater from two or more lines. Wastewater can move through collectors either by gravity or using pumping equipment. It depends on the features of the terrain.

Sewage treatment plants are enterprises that receive and treat wastewater discharged through public sewer systems.

They perform mechanical, biological and chemical wastewater treatment. After this, the wastewater is discharged into the nearest reservoirs or rivers. At the same time, facility workers always monitor the quality of purified water. Most treatment plants have their own laboratories.

Lezhnevka

Description

The lezhnevka unites the risers of the entrance and is laid with a constant slope towards the outlet to the well of 1 - 2 cm/m depending on the diameter. In houses built after the 70s of the last century, the typical diameter of the bed is 100 mm; in Stalinka and earlier buildings you can find beds with a diameter of 150 and even 200 mm.

The pipe is laid on supports (including basement bulkheads) or hung on steel hangers, which are anchored to the ceiling. The fastening pitch depends on the diameter and material of the pipe.

With a diameter of 110 mm, plastic sewerage is hung in increments of 1 meter.

With a large fastening step, the plastic pipe sags over time, forming counterslopes. Cast iron pipes are mounted as rigidly as possible on the sockets, which prevents the destruction of their seal.

The lezhnevka is equipped with revisions or (in the case of cast iron pipes) plugged tees for cleaning:

• On turns and bends;
• Every 8 meters on straight sections.

Problems

These include:

• Inevitable blockages. In addition to rags and grease, the list of causes includes construction debris, sand and cat litter that settle in areas with minimal slope;

A rag removed when cleaning the bench.

When plugs are installed and inspections are closed, blockage of the drainage pipe or outlet to the well leads to flooding of the apartments on the lower floor. The drainage from the entire entrance begins to flow into their toilets and bathtubs.

• Leaks at socket connections (including due to destruction of sockets).

How are these problems solved?

Eliminating a leak in a plastic socket comes down to re-joining the pipes, or less often, to replacing the o-ring seal.

A cast iron bell usually has to be re-coined. How to do this work yourself?

Restoring the tightness of a cast iron socket.

In addition to describing the algorithm of this work, it is worth mentioning a number of its subtleties:

• The easiest way to remove the old cement seal from the socket is with a chisel or a wide screwdriver. The cement is broken with a hammer and removed along the entire circumference of the pipe;
• The old heel can be removed with the same screwdriver;
• When re-minting, you can use a graphite gland instead of a heel: it is much more durable than organic fiber impregnated with oil or bitumen;
• For embossing, you can use either a specialized tool (a steel tube bent in the shape of the letter Z and flattened at the end) or a wide screwdriver;
• To seal the socket, you can use a cement-sand mixture in a 1:1 ratio or pure cement.

Chasing a cast iron sewer with sealing of the socket.

The blockage is cleared through the nearest tee or revision. It is advisable to clean it from top to bottom: otherwise, you may not have time to dodge the fetid stream rushing down the pipe.

Is it possible to somehow prevent flooding of first-floor apartments due to clogged drains?

Yes. It is necessary to leave the risers below the basement floor unsealed and at the same time to prevent sewage from entering the basement during normal sewer operation. This can be achieved in two ways:

1. By installing an oblique tee on the riser instead of an inspection;

If the riser is clogged, the drainage will flow through the tee outlet into the basement. Its flooding is also not a gift, but it’s still better than a flood in the apartment.

1. Replacing the inspection cover with a homemade one, equipped with a bend directed upward at an oblique angle.

Installation of drainage in an apartment building

The design of internal drainage is more complex than external drainage and requires more detailed consideration.

In-house drainage requires individual design, since such structures are quite complex; miscalculations in this area of ​​construction threaten flooding of the upper floors of the house, water overflowing over the edge of the roof, erosion of the foundation, and waterlogging of external walls, which can lead to a decrease in their strength.

Description of the elements of the drainage system in a multi-storey building

SNiP regulate the number of storm sewer risers on the roof of a building - at least one for every 150–200 square meters of roof; a smaller number may not be able to cope with the discharge of water. Several risers on the roof of the building form a drainage system.

Water inlet funnels are made of either metal or plastic; pipelines for drainage risers can be made of the same materials. The lattice cover protects the funnel from debris.

The funnel is located in the center of small slopes, somewhat away from the outer wall. During the cold season, the junction of the roof and the wall receives the least amount of heat emanating from the heated interior of the building, so the water here can freeze. The device for attaching the funnel to the roof surface must prevent water from flowing into the joint area. The joint is sealed with special gaskets.

The riser pipes are equipped with revisions for access by utility personnel to clean them in case of blockage. Hatches are made in the walls of houses opposite the inspections - the plumber removes them and opens the inspection.

Riser connection diagram

Riser

Description

The typical diameter of a sewer riser is 100 mm. However, there are no rules without exceptions:

• In post-war houses I have seen risers with a diameter of 150 mm;
• In small-family houses of some layouts, kitchens are equipped with a separate riser with a diameter of 50 mm.

The riser is laid with socket pipes with the sockets oriented upward; At the floor level, tees and crosses are installed to connect the combs. Cleaning inspections include:

• In the basement, half a meter - a meter above the connection with the bed;
• On the extreme floors;
• In buildings of five floors and above - every three floors.

Inspection on a cast iron riser.

At the top, the riser extends beyond the roof and ends with a waste pipe communicating with the atmosphere.

Problems

There are four main problems with sewer risers.

Blockages

A clogged sewer in an apartment building in most cases is a consequence of violation of the rules for using the sewer. The riser is clogged by foreign objects that have gotten into it from apartments or from the roof.

The blockage is cleared from top to bottom through the nearest revision.

The inspection was opened to clean the riser.

For cleaning, we use the already familiar sewer wire. Strong and large objects that fall into the sewer require special measures: cleaning is carried out from the roof through the drain pipe and comes down to breaking through the blockage with a crowbar lowered on a rope.

Ventilation failure

In winter, the fan outlets of the risers often freeze: moist evaporation settling on the walls gradually reduces the clearance to zero. The thrust in the riser does not disappear anywhere; As a result, sewer aromas begin to saturate the apartments on the upper floors through leaky connections to plumbing fixtures and water seals damaged by the vacuum that occurs when toilets are flushed.

Evaporation frozen on the walls of the riser.

The problem is solved:

• defrosting the riser. For this purpose, it is enough to pour a bucket of hot water into the drain pipe;
• insulation of the drain pipe, preventing the freezing of vapors on its inner surface.

Noise

Plastic pipes have one unpleasant feature: they make the slightest noise in the riser audible. As a result, you hear the neighbors above draining water, the noise of the wind in the drain pipe, the sound of dripping from a faucet that is not fully closed, and other annoying noises.

The noise problem can be solved in two ways:

1. Installation of so-called silent pipes. They differ from conventional ones by the addition of mineral filler, increased thickness and variable density of layers;

Silent sewage system.

The price of a silent sewer pipe is 3 - 4 times higher than the cost of a regular PVC pipe.

1. Soundproof the riser with any roll insulation, foam shell, or a box made of plasterboard, wall panels or lining constructed around the riser.

Violation of tightness

Its typical cause is the destruction of the cast iron pipe socket or coupling under the weight of the pipe and due to corrosion.

The photo shows a destroyed cast iron coupling.

The defective area is replaced using a sewer coupling and a compensating pipe:

1. Two cuts are made above and below the destroyed bell. The distance between them should be equal to the length of the compensator;
2. The compensating pipe is pushed all the way onto the upper pipe;
3. A coupling is put on the down pipe;
4. The compensator settles into the coupling socket;
5. All connections are sealed.

To repair a cast iron riser, you can use a plastic fitting of the appropriate diameter. The surface of cast iron pipes is first cleaned of layers of paint and rust.

How to make repairs in an apartment building?

Soviet-era apartment buildings have a sewer network that consists of metal pipes. It is quite durable, but the pipes are susceptible to rust. Meanwhile, common house sewers and the largest pipes were often made of cast iron.

Its main disadvantage is the rough inner surface. It delays the passage of various small objects. As a result, blockages form.

Therefore, the question “who is to blame for a clogged sewer in an apartment building” arises quite often. Finding out the direct culprit is difficult and pointless. In any case, the management company ensures the normal functioning of sewer networks.

Blockages are removed in two ways:

1. Mechanical, which involves the use of a stack. This is a flexible steel rod. It is placed in the drain hole of a sink or toilet and pushed deep into the pipe in a circular motion. This procedure is repeated several times. It should be noted that this method of cleaning pipes is quite effective, but labor-intensive.
2. Using chemicals. As a rule, these are gels with a special composition that have the ability to decompose waste. In this way, the removal of blockages is achieved. These products are easy to use, they do not require human effort and act very quickly.

There are several types of such funds. The use of one or another product depends on the complexity of the blockage.

Plastic pipes are installed in modern apartment buildings. They are no less durable and strong than metal ones. They are also much easier to dismantle and replace in case of damage.

Comb

Description

A horizontal pipe collecting apartment wastewater from several plumbing fixtures is laid with a diameter of 50 mm. An exception is the toilet: the outlet for its connection should not have a smaller diameter than its outlet.

The toilet outlet is made of a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm.

The slope of a comb with a diameter of 50 mm should be 3.5 cm/m. To attach plastic pipes to the wall, clamps and clips are used; The attachment points should be no more than 40 - 50 cm apart from each other.

In the absence of clamps and clips, I laid the pipes on 6 mm thick wire driven into holes drilled in the wall. The ends of the improvised brackets were bent into a vertical position.

The connection of the comb outlets with plumbing fixtures is made airtight to avoid the appearance of odors. For sealing, standard sewerage seals or rubber cuffs are used.

The sealing cuff will eliminate the appearance of odors.

Problems

Plastic indoor sewage systems are characterized by only two problems:

• Smells. Their reason is in leaky connections of the comb with sinks and washbasins. To combat odors, it is enough to seal the joints with cuffs. As a temporary measure, they can be wrapped with regular tape;
• Blockages. A typical problem with a clogged 50mm comb is grease deposited on the walls of the pipe, which gets into the drain when washing dishes. The blockage can be cleared with a cable followed by rinsing with hot water; however, it is better to simply disassemble the sewer and shake out all the accumulated debris from the pipes.

Flared connections with O-ring seals can be easily disassembled for cleaning.

Cast iron combs of old houses often leak along the sockets. I described the method of minting cast iron sockets above.

Who is responsible for preventative and major repairs?

Residents of a multi-storey building often have questions regarding responsibility for preventive and repair measures. To avoid such problems, study the list of sewerage areas related to common property:

• fan hoods;
• sewer outlets;
• risers and branches from them to the point of connection with the communications of each individual apartment;
• revisions.

The remaining areas are private property and are being repaired independently.

Note! If the residents independently repaired or changed any of the above elements related to common property, the management company may refuse to undertake repairs.

Fan pipe

Its diameter in general should be equal to the diameter of the riser; however, in new houses it is common practice to combine two to four risers with one outlet pipe leading to the roof. I have already touched on the problems and their solutions in the “riser” section.

All you need to know about the sewer drain is that it is necessary for the normal functioning of the sewer system. The practice of replacing a drain pipe with a vacuum valve is not a complete solution. The draft arising in the riser in the absence of ventilation transports all odors to the nearest leaky connection on one of the upper floors.

Exiting the riser to the roof is not at all an extra detail of the interior.

Sewage system testing

After completion of installation work, the sewage system should be tested. This is necessary to ensure that you have done everything correctly. Be sure to check the joints and connections.

Testing the system is quite simple. Open all taps and leave for a while. After this, go through all the connections and make sure that everything is dry. Or you can put paper under the pipeline components; if it gets wet, it will indicate leaks. If any, dry the identified areas, degrease and cover with new sealant. After drying, the test must be repeated.

Prevention

I have written a lot about sewer problems, but not a word about how you can avoid them.

The rules and regulations for sewerage in an apartment building, which are mandatory for all residents, are simple and understandable.

• The toilet is used only for its intended purpose. Food waste, construction waste, thick paper, garbage are disposed of in other ways;
• The outlets of bathtubs, showers and sinks are equipped with grates or mesh to prevent foreign objects from entering the sewer system;

The mesh will protect the outlet from debris getting into it.

• Unauthorized transfer and change in the diameter of risers, benches and outlets to the well is strictly prohibited. If you want to change their configuration, contact your local housing organization for approval;

Changing the riser configuration requires approval from the management organization.

• Before you pour water into the toilet after washing the floors, take the time to make sure there is no rag in the bucket.

A simple recommendation will help you get rid of fatty plugs in the comb, which, alas, is often ignored by the rules for using sewerage in an apartment building published in the media. Wash dishes with hot water (literally on the verge of a comfortable temperature). I have long noticed that problems with fat deposits begin in the summer, when the hot water temperature drops to its minimum.

Cleaning methods

When your drain becomes clogged, you should call utility services immediately. Among them there are private, paid ones, which guarantee a high speed of solving the problem. If the blockage is small, you can remove it yourself using several methods:

• Hydrodynamic cleaning is one of the most effective, in which deposits are washed away with high pressure of water. For this purpose, special units are used that create pressure up to 200 bar. This installation is capable of removing even old fat layers, firmly stuck debris, scale and dirt.
• Mechanical cleaning - the use of various tools to remove blockages, such as steel wire, cable, spirals.
• Pneumatic cleaning is a blow of compressed air at high speed, as a result of which the garbage plug is torn into small particles and washed out of the sewer.
• Chemical cleaning is carried out by using various chemicals to break down dirt. You can do it at home by pouring or pouring the product into the clogged pipe.
• You can prepare cleaning products yourself from available ingredients. These can be saline, soda solutions, citric acid, Coca-Cola and more. In serious cases, when wastewater is gushing out of the toilet or washbasin at exorbitant rates, they may turn out to be ineffective, but they will cope with minor contaminants.

Smells

Sewer smell can occur in the basement not only due to leaks. Its source is often opened revisions and tees.

The problem can be solved extremely simply:

• Standard covers are installed on the inspection;

Audit covers must be closed

Useful: to seal cast iron inspection hatches, it is better to use microporous rubber rather than dense sheet rubber. It ensures tightness even if the lid and the revision itself cannot boast of any flat surface.

Microporous rubber will help you hermetically seal a cast iron revision

• Plastic sockets are closed with plugs of the appropriate diameter;

Internal plug for plastic socket

• Wooden chops wrapped in rags are hammered into cast iron sockets. Unlike standard cast iron plugs, they allow you to quickly open the socket to clear the blockage.

Naesta 15 Jan 2013

Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 9.1.
When operating residential buildings and premises, the following is not allowed: - use of residential premises for purposes not provided for in the design documentation; - storage and use of hazardous chemicals that pollute the air in residential premises and in public premises located in a residential building; - performance of work being sources of increased levels of noise, vibration, air pollution, or disturbing the living conditions of citizens in neighboring residential premises; - littering, pollution and flooding of residential premises, basements and technical undergrounds, staircases and cages, attics.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 on approval of the rules for maintaining common property in an apartment building No. 491: 10. Common property must be maintained in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation (including on the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, technical regulation, protection of rights consumers) in a state that ensures: a) compliance with the reliability and safety characteristics of an apartment building; b) safety for the life and health of citizens, safety of property of individuals or legal entities, state, municipal and other property; c) accessibility of use of residential and (or) non-residential premises, common areas, as well as the land plot on which the apartment building is located; d) respect for the rights and legitimate interests of the owners of the premises, as well as other persons; e) constant readiness of utilities, metering devices and other equipment included in the common property , for the provision of public services (supply of communal resources) to citizens living in an apartment building, in accordance with the Rules for the provision of public services to citizens; e) maintaining the architectural appearance of an apartment building in accordance with the design documentation for the construction or reconstruction of an apartment building. Information on changes: Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 2011 N 354, paragraph 10 of these Rules is supplemented with subparagraph “g”g) compliance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on energy saving and increasing energy efficiency.

11. The maintenance of common property, depending on the composition, design features, degree of physical wear and tear and technical condition of the common property, as well as depending on the geodetic and climatic conditions of the location of the apartment building, includes:

d) cleaning and sanitary cleaning of common areas, as well as the land plot included in the common property;

Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2003 N 170 “On approval of the Rules and Standards for the technical operation of the housing stock” 3.4.1. The housing maintenance organization must ensure: temperature and humidity conditions in basements and technical underground spaces, preventing condensation on the surfaces of enclosing structures; cleanliness and accessibility of passage to all elements of the basement and technical underground;

So: 1. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises, SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 dated June 10, 2010, paragraphs 9.1, 9.2;2. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 on approval of the rules for maintaining common property in an apartment building No. 491, paragraph 10;3. Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2003 N 170 “On approval of the Rules and Standards for the technical operation of the housing stock” clause 3.4.1

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Question - Answer → Housing and communal services → sewer water floods the basement of the house

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Purpose and types of stormwater system

Storm drainage in any building is intended to drain atmospheric precipitation. It is an engineering system consisting of many elements that help avoid flooding of the roof of the building and erosion of the foundation. Installation of such a system begins from the roof. Moreover, it is installed both on flat structures and with slopes.

Sewerage in multi-storey buildings often has a long service life

Depending on the type of installation, storm drainage is divided into:

• External. It consists of gutters, funnels and trays and is attached along the lower edges of the roof slopes.
• Internal. This system allows you to collect moisture directly on the roof and remove it through a pipeline hidden in the outer wall of the house.

External storm drainage, as a rule, is installed only in houses with pitched roofs. In some cases, such sewerage can be seen on houses built in the 60-80s. last century. Modern multi-storey buildings are designed with internal storm drainage. This solution is more durable and does not spoil the appearance of the building.

The system for draining domestic wastewater in apartment buildings is quite complicated. This is due to the increased load on communications. Due to the large number of objects being serviced, serious requirements are put forward for the installation of such a system. After all, improper organization of communications can lead to constant blockages and flooding in the house. The installation of sewerage systems in multi-storey buildings is regulated by the requirements of SNiP and state standards. It is according to them that contractors install the system.

Housing and communal services. For free.

in staircases; cleaning and cleaning of the local area. The list of free services given above is stipulated by the contractual services specified in the agreement for the management of an apartment building concluded between residents and the management company, posted in the offices or on the website of the management company, are mandatory and are paid for monthly by paying a fee for the maintenance and repair of housing in the column called

Along with the free work stipulated in the agreement for the management of an apartment building concluded between the residents and the management company, there are also additional services provided by the management company, but for which (since management companies are commercial companies and therefore have the right to determine fees for work on market principles) the residents are obliged to pay. For example, plumbing fixtures whose service life has not yet expired.

The legislative framework

Most residents of apartment complexes ask questions about who is responsible for the water supply, who to contact if breakdowns occur in the system, and who is obliged to compensate for the damage. In addition, in force majeure situations, partial or major repairs of the pipeline are required. The law helps you figure out who to contact in each of these cases.

As follows from Art. 36-37 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the management company (MC) or housing and communal services are responsible for maintenance and repairs. Current expenses are covered by the monthly utility bills of the building's residents. However, if the user himself is to blame for the breakdown, he will compensate for the damage caused.

The fact that housing and communal services are obliged to restore the operation of water supply systems in apartment buildings is also indicated by the Federal Law of July 21, 2007 No. 185-FZ “On the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of Housing and Communal Services.”

Responsibilities of the Housing Office

The company that carries out the maintenance, maintenance, replacement and repair of the common property of an apartment building carries out this work in accordance with the plan.

Remember, the owner cannot contact an authorized organization on his own to replace the riser. This issue is subject to consideration. Therefore, the management company provides a response to the request in writing.

Most often, authorized organizations do not always fulfill their duties on time and properly. Sometimes they even refuse to carry out major repairs, citing as the reason that the owners of the apartment building have rent arrears. Such justification is illegal for refusing to perform one's duties.

Watch the video. Sewer riser in the apartment. A simple replacement example: