How to connect a pump to a well yourself, do-it-yourself connection diagram

Comfortable living in a private house depends on many factors, and water supply plays an important role here. If there is already a well on the site, then the issue is half resolved. But to ensure a complete water supply, you will need to select a suitable pump, otherwise getting water from a deep and narrow hole will be, to put it mildly, difficult, don’t you agree?

At first glance, installing a pump in a well seems like a rather difficult task. Here, as in any business, there are a number of important nuances. Therefore, before starting to solve it, it is worth thoroughly studying this issue. We will help you understand the intricacies of installing pumping equipment.

Useful tips for installing surface and submersible pumps are presented in this material. There are also photos and videos with expert advice that will help you better understand the intricacies of installation.

How to install a surface pump in a well

The instructions indicate that surface pumps can be installed in a well if its depth is up to 20 meters. In this case, water flows to the distribution points directly from the well. The connection diagram for a surface pump to a well includes the following equipment:

A centrifugal pump that lifts water and supplies it to the house.
The hydraulic accumulator softens the hydraulic shock. It consists of two parts separated by a membrane.
The electric motor is connected to the pump and pressure switch.
The pressure switch controls its level in the system. If there is a strong drop in pressure, the relay starts the motor, and if there is too much pressure, it turns it off.
The pressure gauge is used to determine the value and regulate pressure.
Water intake system with check valve.
The main connects the pump and the water intake.

Installation diagram of a surface pump for a well

When installing a surface pump or station, you need to adhere to some rules that will ensure proper operation of the equipment:

Stable water suction is ensured by close proximity to the well.
The room must be ventilated, warm and dry.
The location should not be cramped. During operation, preventive and repair work will be required.
The room must absorb noise emitted by pumping equipment.

Suitable installation locations may include:

The room is inside the house, but with poor sound insulation this will be a big disadvantage of the installation.
Basement. In the absence of heating and insulation of floors and walls, additional funds must be spent on their preparation.
Special well. But here it is difficult to maintain the required level of pressure and repair work is difficult.
Caisson. The basic rule is the correct depth of the special installation site.

Tip: To install a pumping station for a well, it is best to arrange a separate room.

Assembly diagram with a submersible pump

Starting pumping equipment

A pump of any type has decent power, for this reason, it is better for the pumping station to have separate wiring with grounding and install an automatic machine.

Before starting, the pumping unit should be filled with water and the pressure checked.
The pump is connected to the network
Open the filler funnel slightly to allow the remaining air to escape.
Supply power to the installation. Water should flow from the faucet in the house within a few minutes.
If fluid movement has not begun, the installation is turned off, water is added to the hydraulic tank, and then the test is carried out again.

Recommendation All screw connections should be made with a sealant or foam tape.

Features of installing a well pump

Advice: The device should be installed below the water level in the well, but more than one meter from the “well supply” hole. In this case, the pump will be safe from the penetration of soil or sand particles into it and the possibility of overheating.

To install the pump in a well you will need:

Plastic pipe. The element is lowered into the well along with the device, and during operation water will rise through it.
Cable for insurance.
Cable for connecting the motor.

Tip: Before installing a well pump, you need to thoroughly clean the installation site: pump out water from the well until the sand and silt completely disappear. To protect the pump from water hammer, it is necessary to install a check valve on the equipment.

You can install a well pump only after checking and adjusting the pressure that has established in the pressure tank. Its value should be 0.9 part of the switching pressure. Constantly pumped water cools the engine, which provides it with protection from overheating, and therefore premature failure. Regardless of the type of equipment selected, during installation of a well pump, it is necessary to check the operating point under different modes. To do this you need:

Measure the design value of the water supply flow by measuring the filling rate of the volume.
Take the pressure reading.
Determine what current consumption is.

Moreover, if even one indicator is higher than the factory data, it will be necessary to close the valve, this will create additional resistance and will contribute to the correct establishment of the operating point.

Electrical diagram for connecting a pump for a well

Case one. New relay out of the box, or fine adjustment of the pressure switch

Preparatory stage

Turn off the pump from the outlet (if there is a switch, then turn it off)
We drain all the water from the system. Open the tap and wait until the water stops flowing. The pressure gauge should read zero. Close the tap.
Turn on the pump. He starts working. We look at the pressure gauge. The pressure should increase as the pump operates. The bars on the pressure gauge can be considered atmospheres.
The pump should turn off. We look at the pressure gauge. We remember or write down this cut-off pressure.
Open the tap and let out the water in a not too large stream. We remember the reading of the pressure gauge at which the pump turns on.

Adjusting the pump activation pressure

To increase the pump activation pressure, TWIST THE LARGE spring. We check it right away. To do this, drain the water before turning on the pump.

Pay attention to the shutdown pressure. It should also increase. We repeat the operations with the BIG spring until we are satisfied with the pump ON pressure.

To reduce the switching pressure, we proceed according to the above scheme, only we unscrew the spring rather than tighten it.

Why did we remember or record the pressure gauge readings during the preparatory stage? Just to understand the situation. To get an idea of the current state of affairs. We installed a new relay and are turning it on for the first time! We need to have an idea of what works and whether it works at all.

Adjusting the pump shut-off pressure

To increase the pump shut-off pressure, TWIST THE SMALL spring. It needs to be twisted much less actively than a larger one. She's much more sensitive.
We remember that the small spring does not set a specific cut-off pressure, but the difference between the turn-on and turn-off pressures. The only difference is that when twisting (unscrewing) a large spring, the shut-off pressure will change synchronously with the switch-on pressure.
We immediately check what happens.
We repeat the operations with the SMALL spring until we are satisfied with the pump OFF pressure.

Relay selection

When choosing a hydraulic relay, you are guided by its range in the water supply; the standard value is 1.5 - 3 bar. When connecting using a pressure gauge, adjust it using the adjusting screws. Do the same with the dry-running relay, setting it to turn off the power when the pressure in the line is less than 1.5 bar. If a private house has a high number of floors, then to supply water with the required pressure to the upper floors, the relay is additionally adjusted, increasing the upper and lower response thresholds.

For example, if the height of the rise to the upper floors is 5 meters (1 bar corresponds to 10 meters of vertical water column), then 0.5 bar is added to the upper and lower response limits and the resulting response range is from 2 to 3.5 bar . The brand chosen for water supply at home must have the appropriate pressure range according to the passport.

Rice. 8 Pumping units with floats and electrolytic sensors

Electrical connection diagram

Depending on the needs of the user and his financial capabilities, you can choose one of the methods of connecting the deep pump to the electrical network.

Without automation

Without auxiliary control devices, the pump is connected using a pre-installed electrical outlet with a grounding contact. The pump is also grounded. For this purpose, the main bus of the house is used, connecting to the existing ground loop of the building.

A three-core cable is used to supply electricity to the outlet. The power supply voltage of the submersible pump is 220V. 380-volt or 150-volt outlets cannot be used.

Via pressure switch

To reduce the cost of a set of pressure equipment, you can use a connection diagram for a well pump only with a pressure switch without a control unit. The device turns off the pump when the pressure reaches a maximum, and starts it when the pressure drops to a minimum.

Using control unit

When selecting an automation model, you first need to find out what protective system is already installed in the pump by the manufacturer. Modern devices are already protected from overheating and idle operation. Sometimes the equipment is equipped with a float mechanism. Taking this data into account, you can choose one of three automation options - simple, with a second or third generation electric control unit.

The simplest protection is most often used for automatic water supply. The control unit here is assembled from three devices:

Dry running blocker. It will turn off the device, which operates without water, preventing overheating. Sometimes the additional installation of a float switch is allowed. It performs the same functions, turning off the pumping equipment when the water level drops, preventing it from overheating. The devices may seem primitive, but they provide effective protection for the electric motor.
Hydraulic accumulator. Without it, it will not be possible to provide automatic water supply. The hydraulic tank works as a water storage tank. Inside there is a working mechanism - a diaphragm.
Pressure switch equipped with a pressure gauge. This device allows you to configure the operation of relay contacts.

It is not difficult to equip pressure equipment with simple automation with your own hands. The principle of operation of the system is simple: as water flows, the pressure in the hydraulic tank decreases. When the minimum value is reached, the relay starts the pressure equipment, which pumps water into the storage tank. When the pressure in the hydraulic accumulator reaches its maximum, the relay device turns off the installation. As water is consumed, the cycle repeats.

The pressure limits in the storage tank are adjusted using a relay. In the device, using a pressure gauge, the minimum and maximum response parameters are set.

In second-generation automation, the connection is made through an electrical unit with a set of sensors. They are mounted directly on pressure equipment, as well as inside the water supply network, and allow the system to function without a hydraulic tank. The impulse from the sensors goes to the electronic unit, which controls the system.

Operation of pressure equipment with this scheme for connecting a submersible well pump to automation:

Liquid accumulates only in the water supply where one of the sensors is installed.
When the pressure drops, the sensor sends a pulse to the control unit, which starts the pump.
After reaching the required pressure of the water flow in the water supply, the pump is turned off according to a similar scheme.

To install such automation, you will need basic knowledge of electrical engineering. This and the previous protection work almost identically - based on water pressure. However, the electric unit with sensors is more expensive, which is why it is not so popular among consumers. Even when using automation, you don’t have to use a hydraulic tank, although if there is a power outage, you won’t be left without water. There is always a reserve left in the drive.

Third generation automation is reliable, high quality and expensive. Its installation allows you to significantly save on electricity due to ultra-precise tuning of the electric motor. The connection diagram for advanced automation to a deep well pump is very complex, so you should contact a professional to connect it. But it provides complete protection of the motor from various breakdowns, for example, overheating during dry running or burning of the windings during power surges.

The unit operates from sensors without a hydraulic tank. Efficiency is achieved through fine adjustments.

Types and depths of wells

The depth of immersion of the pump into the well largely depends on its parameters; when drilling, three main types are distinguished: Abyssinian, on sand, and artesian.

Abyssinian well

Abyssinian is the most affordable option from a financial point of view; its depth rarely exceeds 10 meters; the intake is carried out from the first aquifer (upper water). Drilling the Abyssinian is often done with your own hands using homemade drills; usually its channel pipe has a small diameter of 1.5 - 3 inches and is designed for water intake with a surface electric or manual mechanical pump.

The pipes lowered into the Abyssinian are equipped with a needle-shaped filter at the end; due to its light weight, it is located directly in the aquifer without sinking to the sandy muddy bottom - thanks to this, the water in the Abyssinian does not have sand and clay impurities. Although the Abyssinian spring has fairly clean water, the well is rarely used to provide a constant water supply to a residential building - its flow rate is too small.

Well in the sand

If water-bearing strata are not found at a shallow depth in the area, a sand well is drilled until water is found, the depth of which lies in the range from 15 to 60 m with an average of about 30 meters. This type is most common in individual water supply; when drilling, a column of plastic or steel pipes with a diameter of 100–160 mm is lowered into the shaft, which, due to its high weight, rests on the bottom of the water-bearing formation.

A perforated water filter is installed at the end of the column to purify water from sand and clay particles, but in many cases this is not enough and additional elements are installed in the pipeline that filter the water (sand, coarse and fine filters).

The use of pumping equipment for intake must take this factor into account (a large number of sand particles), so modifications are usually chosen for working with contaminated water. A well on sand, unlike an Abyssinian, has a higher flow rate and, most importantly, is suitable for water supply to an individual residential building, although its service life is short (depending on the size of the sand fractions) and averages about 5 years.

Rice. 2 Types of wells for installing a submersible pump

Artesian well

When searching for sources of artesian water, drilling is carried out to an aquifer with a calcareous bottom, while the depth of the borehole channel during domestic drilling can reach up to 200 m, and in industrial sources a threshold of about 300 m or more is considered normal. During installation, the casing with a special filter for large particles rests on a solid limestone bottom, which is free of clay and sand. Thanks to this, water from great depths is crystal clear and the only drawback is its high iron content. The deeper the aquifer is, the greater the pressure exerted on it by the higher layers of the earth - as a result, artesian springs have the highest flow rate and a constant static level.

Determining the depth

A preliminary search for water on the territory of a private house is carried out using geophysical research methods, the distance of water occurrence, its quality and quantity are assessed:

Vertical electrical sensing method. To determine the depth, a device that measures ground resistance is used.
Method of wave reflection under seismic influence. Such reconnaissance is first carried out near the dacha plot, then in the survey area. The generating waves reach aquifers that differ from the upper clay and sand layers, are reflected and read by instruments.
Exploration by drilling. The effectiveness of the method is high, but the cost limits its application. Used for workings serving villages.

After drilling, using the mechanical option, the exact depth of the well and the level of the aquifer are established.

A rope with a load, on which a meter marking has previously been made, is lowered into the excavation to the bottom. The depth of the shaft is determined by measuring marks on the twine above ground level. Then the cord is removed, and the size of the wet part can be used to judge the layer of liquid. For more accurate measurements, a flexible hydrogeological ruler with a weight is used.

Determining the exact depth of the aquifer will help you select the right pump with the required parameters and prepare the material for installation work.

In order to select a device of the required power and performance, and purchase the required number of components, it is important to correctly determine the depth of the aquifer.

WINTER OPTION WITH INSTALLATION OF METAL CAISSON

A caisson is an underground metal structure (chamber) located directly above the well, welded hermetically to the casing, and performs several functions:

Protects the wellhead from flooding and pollution by flood waters.
Protects the system from freezing and makes it possible to operate the well all year round, and not just in the warm season.
Makes it possible to place equipment (battery tank, control unit and cable and pipe distribution) directly above the well, in the absence of a special room in the house.
Provides convenient access to equipment for inspection, repair or maintenance.

When constructing a turnkey well, the caisson neck cover is at least 5 centimeters above the ground.

When constructing a well in winter, the caisson neck is additionally insulated.

When constructing a turnkey well, all water-lifting equipment is installed in the caisson.

WINTER OPTION WITH INSTALLATION OF WELL ADAPTER

The cost of installing a water well according to the “winter option” can be reduced by refusing to install a caisson, “replacing” it with a well adapter, which is installed on the casing and allows you to bring the water pipe below the freezing level.

However, the downhole adapter has many disadvantages (complexity of installation on a two-pipe well, difficulties with lifting a pump located at a depth of 60 m, extreme difficulty in installing a pumping unit at a depth of over 60 m, etc.).

Another inconvenience is the need to place a hydraulic storage tank and automatic control in the house. Having weighed all the pros and cons, the conclusion does not allow us to talk about the advantage of the downhole adapter (except for the price) over the caisson.

The downhole adapter is installed at a depth of 1.8 meters, and the well cover covers the casing.

To construct a well without a caisson, a well adapter and a well cap are used.

To set up a turnkey well, you need a high-quality well adapter and cap.

Some useful and important tips

The installation of a well will affect the operation of the water supply in the house. Before installation begins, a number of conditions must be met:

Work should begin by studying the instructions for installing the equipment.
Before installing a submersible central pump, it is necessary to check whether the well flow rate corresponds to the flow characteristics of the unit.
To seal the well, you need to install a cap. This will prevent foreign objects from entering the barrel.

If you are not sure that the work on installing the pump will be done efficiently, it is better to entrust the installation to specialists.

SUMMER OPTION FOR WATERING AN AREA WITH INSTALLATION OF A WELL CAP

If you are going to use the well exclusively for summer irrigation, then the option for its arrangement will be the least labor-intensive and, accordingly, the cheapest.

After all, you only need to install a pump with a water-lifting pipe and a well head.

If desired, you can install compact automation that allows you to control the well pump depending on the water intake, without using bulky hydraulic storage tanks.

Summer arrangement of a well for irrigation.	Summer construction of a water well.	Summer well construction.
Summer well construction without a caisson.	Summer well construction price.	Summer well construction on a turnkey basis.

Prices for installation of pumping equipment

Below are typical estimates for the installation of pumping equipment (installation of a caisson or well adapter, well pump and automation) at various pump installation depths: from 20 meters to 100 meters in increments of 10 meters.

The cost of installing a well pump, caisson and automation includes transportation costs up to 30 kilometers from the Moscow Ring Road.

Price table for well construction

Pump installation depth	Construction of an artesian well
With caisson	With borehole adapter
rub.	rub.	rub.	rub.	rub.	rub.
20 meters	83180	87975	117240	57800	62595	100560
30 meters	88180	93125	120240	62800	67745	103560
40 meters	91080	96025	127713	65700	70645	111033
50 meters	96230	100725	140919	70850	75345	124239
60 meters	102530	107025	150609	77150	81645	133929
70 meters	107230	115425	153859	—	—	—
80 meters	110130	118325	158873	—	—	—
90 meters	—	121225	162123	—	—	—
100 meters	—	124125	165373	—	—	—

Installation of a submersible electric pump for installation in a well

To install a submersible electric pump in a well, work is performed in the following order:

Screws a plastic adapter coupling into the outlet of the unit to connect the pressure pipeline. If there is no built-in check valve, install your own, mounting it first at the outlet of the electric pump, then screw on the fitting for connecting HDPE pipes.
They attach a pipe to the pump and fix it with a plastic cuff, thread a cable through the ears of the housing and connect its ends at the outlet using two special clamps, the free end is screwed to the main cable with electrical tape.
Connect the power cable, cable and pressure hose together using electrical tape or zip ties in 1 meter increments, making sure that the power cord is secured without tension.
The electric pump is lowered into the well to a predetermined depth. To do this, measure and cut the pressure pipe to the required length, insert it into the head, to which the cable is tied.
After a dive, you can immediately check the operation of the electric pump without connecting to the pipeline, if the liquid supply corresponds to the passport data, connect the entire water line and then monitor and regulate the operation of the equipment with automatic devices.

Rice. 8 Preparing the downhole electric pump for immersion

To connect a well pump to a water supply system, devices are used that automate its operation, prevent frequent startup and reduce the load on the line. They can be independently assembled in one module, installed in a living space, or left in a caisson pit with a borehole head.

Preparation of materials accompanying installation

A stuck pump in a casing can be a major headache. And you need to pull it out (as well as lower it) using a special cable. If the pump is already equipped with a polymer cord, you need to make sure that it is of high quality and of sufficient length. Sometimes it makes more sense to purchase this item separately.

It is believed that a reliable cable or cord must be designed to withstand a load that is at least five times the weight of the equipment attached to it. Of course, it must withstand moisture well, since part of it will constantly be in water.

If the device is suspended relatively shallowly, less than ten meters from the surface, care must be taken to provide additional shock absorption for the equipment during operation. To do this, use a piece of flexible rubber or a medical tourniquet. Metal cable or wire is not suitable for suspension as it does not dampen vibration but may destroy the mount.

A special electrical cable is provided to power the pump. Its length should be sufficient so that the cable lies freely and is not strained.

To supply water from the pump to the house water supply, special plastic pipes are used. Designs with a diameter of 32 mm or larger are recommended. Otherwise, the water pressure in the system will be insufficient.

To install a submersible pump, a special cable is used, which is designed for long-term operation under water. Its cross-section must comply with the technical requirements specified in the product passport

Pipes can be used both metal and plastic. There is controversy regarding the connection of metal pipes. Some experts object to the threaded connection as less reliable. It is recommended to use flanges, and the bolt should be on top, this will prevent it from accidentally falling into the well.

But threaded connections in wells are used quite successfully. During installation, winding must be used. Some experts recommend using linen or “Tangit” sealing tape instead of the usual FUM tape or tow. The linen winding is additionally strengthened with silicone sealant or similar material.

The characteristics of the water supply pipe should be selected in accordance with its operating conditions. For depths up to 50 meters, HDPE pipes designed for a pressure of 10 atm are used. For a depth of 50-80 m, you will need pipes capable of operating under a pressure of 12.5 atm, and for deeper wells, pipes of 16 atm are used.

In addition to the pump, pipes and cord or cable, before installing a submersible pump in a well, it is recommended to stock up on the following materials:

clamps for securing the electrical cable to the pipe;
check valve;
pressure gauge;
shut-off valve for the water pipe;
steel fastening unit;
power cable, etc.

Before connecting the pipe to the pump, attach a nipple adapter to its outlet. Usually modern submersible pumps are equipped with such a device, but if it is not there, this unit must be purchased separately.

It should be remembered that to pump the well immediately after drilling, i.e. To remove large amounts of very dirty water from a well, such a pump cannot be used. It will quickly fail. Usually the well is pumped with a separate pump, which is cheaper and works better when working with dirty water.

Connecting a deep-well pump to a water supply system

When installing an individual water supply system, even at the stage of drilling operations, you should know the diameter and material of the pipeline, the depth of the water line, the operating pressure in the system for which the equipment is designed. When installing and turning on the water supply, follow the following recommendations:

When using a plumbing system in winter, you will have to take measures to protect it from the cold. Typically, pipes are laid underground and they must exit from the well head, so a caisson pit will be needed to install and maintain the equipment. To make it more convenient and reduce the depth, the water line is insulated and heated with an electric cable.

Rice. 6 Assembling a pumping station with your own hands - main steps

When determining the immersion depth of the electric pump, set the dynamic level with the equipment turned on and suspend the unit 2 meters below the set mark; the minimum distance to the bottom for deep models is 1 meter.
When using sand wells, it is necessary to install sand filters or rough cleaning filters in the water line in front of the equipment.
Electric pumps change their pumping efficiency when the supply voltage changes, so for stable operation it is better to purchase a voltage stabilizer and connect the equipment to it.
For ease of operation and maintenance, the pumping station is often assembled with your own hands. A pressure gauge and pressure switch are mounted on the hydraulic accumulator using a standard five-inlet fitting, but since there is no pipe for attaching the dry-running relay, it will have to be installed on an additional tee.
Often electric pumps have a short power cable, not long enough to connect to the mains. It is extended by soldering a similar one with further insulation of the connection point with a heat-shrink sleeve.
The presence of coarse and fine filters in the water supply system is mandatory. They must be placed before the automatic control system, otherwise the ingress of sand and dirt will lead to their incorrect operation and breakdown.

Rice. 7 Placement of automatic equipment in a caisson pit

Diagram of how to connect with your own hands

For trouble-free and long-term operation of an autonomous water supply, the installation of an automatic control system for equipment operation is mandatory.

The equipment installed in the technical room of the house includes:

Hydraulic accumulator. A membrane tank is used to maintain pressure in the water supply system, which should be at 3.5 atmospheres. When the hydraulic tank is full, water is consumed within 3–4 hours, preventing the well pump from being turned on frequently. It protects the water supply system from water hammer, which can rupture pipes.

In the body of the product there is a chamber made of hygienic rubber for water with a pressure valve, and the rest of the tank is filled with air, which creates pressure through a pneumatic valve using a compressor. A line from a submersible pump is connected to the hydraulic tank, through which water enters the water chamber.
The operating principle is based on maintaining pressure in the water chamber using air. When water flows and the pressure in the system decreases, the well unit is turned on and water is supplied to the chamber.

A cabinet with electronic and relay equipment control and protection devices, which control the operation of autonomous water supply through supplied sensors.

Mini-blocks installed in the pump control the pump and, when the load increases, the low level of the aquifer and the heating of the single-phase motor turn off the unit through a relay.
Sensors located in the pipeline monitor the nominal pressure of the liquid. When it decreases, the device turns on through the electronic system, filling the chamber with water.
If the pressure is not set to the standard value, it is necessary to adjust the relay.

Installing a pump in a well

An important point when carrying out water supply work for a country house is the proper installation of the pump in the well. If the equipment is installed correctly, this is a guarantee of its long and uninterrupted operation.

Despite the fact that there is nothing complicated in installing a pump in a well, there are also some nuances that should be taken into account before starting work.

Important criteria when selecting water supply equipment

If the water supply equipment was selected incorrectly, installing a well pump can be a rather difficult task. The parameters that must be taken into account when choosing pumping equipment include the following:

Dynamic and static level of a water artesian well. You can find this information in the installation passport. If you do not have such data, for example, due to the loss of documents, do not panic - this information is restored experimentally;
To calculate the required volume of water that must be provided by the installed equipment, count the number of water consumption points. These include a sink, bathtub, shower, toilet, washing machine, dishwasher, etc.;
Distance between the house and the water trunk.

What are the dangers of unqualified installation of a pump in a well?

If errors were made during the installation of downhole equipment or low-quality materials were used, this can cause a number of negative consequences. There are often cases when work performed by non-professionals leads to breaks in water-lifting products, the impossibility of dismantling when replacement is necessary, as well as premature breakdowns of pumps.

The first two scenarios, when the old equipment cannot be removed from the well, jeopardize the possibility of its subsequent use. Because of this, all the work has to be done anew: they drill another well, install a new caisson, since using the old one is impractical, and install new equipment.

Technical indicators

If you plan to install a pumping station for a dacha or household, when choosing it, pay special attention to performance. The best solution would be a design that will provide the required pressure from the well, capable of satisfying the need for water for domestic needs and for a personal plot.

For a comfortable stay outside the city for a family of 4 people, installing a water station of medium or low power is suitable. Typically, such designs are equipped with a hydraulic tank designed for 20 liters. They lift liquid from the well in a volume of 2 - 4 cubic meters per hour and create a pressure of 45 meters or more.

In addition, before installing a pumping station, when purchasing, take into account its dimensions, the water level when the pump is off and running, the type of filter and the cross-section of the pipes.

Types of pumps for wells and their functions

Pumps for supplying water from a well can be immersed in narrow wells to great depths or mounted on the surface. The operating principle of the device and its installation is as follows:

Its main elements are impellers mounted on one shaft.
Their rotation occurs in diffusers, which ensures the movement of liquid.
After the fluid passes through all the wheels, it exits the device through a special discharge valve.
Fluid movement occurs due to pressure differences, which are summed up across all impellers.

There are several types of such equipment:

Centrifugal. Such a pump allows the supply of clean water without large contaminants.
Auger. This is the most common device, capable of pumping liquid with an admixture of particles per cubic meter of no more than 300 grams.
Vortex. Transfers only water purified from contaminants.

Despite the differences, all types of pumps serve to perform similar functions:

Supply groundwater to private houses and cottages.
Participate in the organization of irrigation systems.
Pump liquid into tanks and containers.
Provide comprehensive water supply in automatic mode.

When choosing a pump for a site, the following criteria are taken into account:

Initial equipment dimensions. They need to be taken into account to ensure certain technological tolerances when placing the pump in the well.
Power of the electricity source. Borehole pumps are manufactured single- and three-phase.
Device power. This parameter must be determined in advance based on the calculated pressure and water consumption.
Pump cost. In this case, it is necessary to choose the right price-quality ratio of equipment.

Types of household pumps

Pumps for wells are divided into submersible and surface. Such units have some advantages over others:

Large water intake depth, which is inaccessible to any other type of pump.
Ease of installation.
No rubbing parts.
Low noise level.
Long service life.

The photo shows the types of submersible borehole pumps.

Submersible Well Pumps

Advice: It is very important to ensure that the equipment is properly and correctly arranged and to use only high-quality materials. Violation of installation technology or the use of poor materials can lead to:

Violation of installation technology or the use of poor materials can lead to:

Pump breakage.
Its premature failure.
When dismantling, it is impossible to lift the pump.

Care and maintenance

Inexpensive ovens do not have a self-cleaning system or a special protective coating. Such models will have to be cleaned manually using cleaning products. The main thing is to use gentle sprays, powders, gels

It is important to remember that pre-soaked stains are easiest to remove.

Cleaning the oven will be faster if all dirt is pre-soaked.

Mid-price slabs are covered with enamel, which can be easily cleaned with a damp cloth. To remove dried dirt, you will need to use mild cleaning agents.

Expensive models are equipped with a self-cleaning system, without requiring any mechanical action to remove contaminants. Simply wipe the surface with a damp cloth.

Expensive models of ovens are equipped with a self-cleaning system that is very convenient for housewives.

Recommendations for choosing a pump for a well

Among the various types of pumping equipment used for pumping water from a well or well, submersible devices are the most popular. This popularity is explained by a number of advantages of submersible pumps, which include:

no noise during operation;
the ability to ensure uninterrupted water supply from a serviced well;
ease of installation;
the ability to provide water supply from wells of considerable depth;
compact dimensions;
no need for additional cooling of the drive motor;
anti-corrosion properties of the materials from which the body is made.

When choosing such a device, you should pay attention to such parameters as:

the total demand of water intake points for water, which the selected pump must provide;
characteristics of the well from which water is to be pumped (diameter and depth);
geological data of the area where the well was drilled (depth at which groundwater is located, soil type, etc.);
the presence of a power source at the site where it is planned to install pumping equipment.

The main technical characteristics by which pumping equipment is selected are:

the performance of the device, which characterizes how much liquid it is capable of pumping per unit of time;
pressure (this parameter, measured in meters of water column, indicates to what height and distance the pump is capable of transporting liquid through the pipeline system).

This approach when choosing pumping equipment will give you the opportunity to further modernize your pumping station if the need arises.

Installing deep-well pumps, as a rule, does not cause any particular difficulties; it can be done even without experience in carrying out such procedures. When operating submersible pumps, as well as any other type of pumping equipment, one should not forget about their regular maintenance, which will significantly extend the life of their trouble-free use.

What should a good pump be like?

First you need to select and purchase a suitable pump, as well as a number of materials necessary for its successful installation. The pump is usually submersible, but it is highly desirable that it be centrifugal.

Unlike centrifugal models, vibrating pumps cause dangerous vibrations in the well, which can lead to destruction of the soil and casing. Such models are especially dangerous for sand wells, which are less stable than their artesian counterparts.

The pump power must correspond to the productivity of the well. In addition, the immersion depth for which a particular pump is designed should be taken into account. A model designed to operate at a depth of 50 m can supply water from a depth of 60 m, but the pump will soon break down.

A submersible centrifugal pump is the optimal choice for a well. Its performance, size and other indicators should be correlated with the characteristics of your own water source

Another risk factor is the level of quality of drilling work. If an experienced team drilled, the well will better withstand the destructive effects. And for wells created with your own hands or through the efforts of “shabashniks”, it is recommended to use not just a centrifugal pump, but special models for wells.

Such devices better withstand the loads associated with pumping water heavily contaminated with sand, silt, clay particles, etc. Another important point is the diameter of the pump. It must match the dimensions of the casing pipe. It is also important to take into account the power supply features of the pump. For wells, both single-phase and three-phase devices are used.

It is easier to find equipment for four-inch pipes than for three-inch pipes. It would be good if this point was taken into account at the well planning stage. The greater the distance from the pipe walls to the pump housing, the better. If the pump fits into the pipe with difficulty rather than freely, you need to look for a model with a smaller diameter.

Read more about choosing a pump in the article How to choose a pump for a well: recommendations for choosing pumping equipment .

How to Determine the Required Source Depth

The borehole pump must be installed at a certain depth of the water source. When using a well as a source of water supply, the static and dynamic levels of the location of the pumped liquid medium in it are taken into account. The static level is understood as the distance at which the surface of water, in a calm state, is located from the surface of the earth. At the dynamic level, water is in the well after it begins to be pumped out.

Dynamics of a water column in a well

In order for submersible pumping equipment to function effectively and be cooled efficiently by the liquid medium it pumps, it should be located in the well at a level at least 30 cm below the dynamic level. If the thickness of the water layer allows, then it will be better if the deep pump is installed at a level located 2–3 m below the dynamic level. It should be taken into account that the pump installed in the well should be located at a distance of at least 1–2 m from its bottom.

Methods for automating water wells

The simplest and most inexpensive way to automate wells is to install them on a mechanical pressure regulator. If the pressure created by the water is too low, the contacts of the pumping equipment are closed, and then it is turned on. After turning off the water supply, the tap must be closed and the pressure level increased.

The installation of a pressure switch equipped with a pressure gauge is carried out at any point in the pumping system, the disadvantage of which is the lack of protection against “dry running”. The pressure switch supplies electricity to the equipment if the pressure begins to drop. The pump will continue to operate until the entire system fails. Its operation must be regulated, so a hydraulic accumulator is built into the system, performing the following functions:

preventing frequent pump starts;
absorbing water shocks that occur in the event of a sudden closure of the tap.

A hydraulic accumulator is a tank made from ferrous metal or stainless steel. The device can be painted blue. The capacity of the device is 5-500 l. The number of starts of the pumping system depends on the volume of the tank.

Installing an automation unit for a well is another way to control the operation of the pump. These systems are advanced, so their cost is 10-15 times higher than the price of a simple relay. The automation system must include the following elements:

LCD display;
dry running protection;
pump jam protection;
automatic start;
hydraulic accumulator

The most expensive type of automation for well pumps is considered a frequency converter. It provides the frequency required to maintain pressure in the pumping system. It becomes operational only after opening the 2nd tap and increasing the water flow.

When using frequency converters, the minimum motor speed is used. It is 20-30% of the nominal value, which is indicated in the technical documentation for the device. If the requirement is not met, the device may fail.

What is well automation?

Automatic control systems include electronics (pressure switch, idle speed, flow), pressure gauge, accumulator or modules in which these elements are combined - all of them are responsible for the optimal functioning of the water main.

In the water supply line, automation performs the following role:

Controls the electric pump, turning it off as the line fills. In high-tech systems, instead of turning it off, it is used to adjust the rotation speed of the electric motor.
Protects the water main from water hammer and helps create some water reserves in the event of equipment breakdown or power outage.
Includes protective devices for the pump that interrupt the flow of electrical current to it in the event of a lack of water at the source.

Rice. 2 Example of a borehole water intake source

Recommendations for pump placement and positioning

When calculating to what depth to immerse the pump in the well and the location of the pump in the well, it is useful to follow the following recommendations:

The electric pump should not come into contact with the walls of the column, so it is hung strictly in the center of the head.
When the electric pump is lowered into a well in sand below the dynamic level, it is better to make the distance from the surface of the water a little more than recommended, for example, 5 meters. This will help to avoid the unpleasant consequences of a situation when, during operation, the source silts up, its flow rate and, accordingly, the dynamic threshold decreases. In order to lower the electric pump deeper in the future, you will have to lengthen or change the water pipe and cable cut to fit the head - this will lead to unjustified financial expenses.
If, according to the parameters of the well, the electric pump must be located in the bottom area, it is better to use screw types - they cope better with pumping contaminated water, and replacing their simple parts is cheaper.

Rice. 9 Lowering the pump into the well

When placing an electric pump in a well, it is advisable to use such characteristics as dynamic and static level. Lowering the pumping equipment slightly below the dynamic mark contributes to less load on the body and working mechanism of the unit, the intake of cleaner water from the source, saves materials and simplifies maintenance.

Some important recommendations

A special brass fitting is used to connect the check valve to the water supply pipe. The connection must also have a special drive sleeve. This measure will prevent the pipe from shrinking in diameter and will compensate for the excess stress created by the compression fitting.

The fitting, like all connecting elements, must be of high quality, designed for increased tensile loads. Otherwise, the pipe may simply jump out of the fitting. To connect the opposite end of the HDPE pipe with the outlet at the head, use the same compression drive-in fitting made of brass.

A special electrical cable for submersible pumps is available for sale. It is this that must be used to connect to the pump. Substitutions with lower quality materials are not acceptable.

The power cable is connected to the pump cable by soldering; it is better not to use twisting in such an important place. The connection point is covered with a heat-shrink sleeve

To secure the cable and cable to the water supply pipe, you need plastic clamps. They are installed every 2-3 meters. This measure helps to avoid accidental tangling of the cable while lowering the structure down. Instead of clamps, you can use electrical tape.

To attach the cable and cable to the water supply pipe, you can use plastic clamps. A special adapter will allow you to reliably connect the pump to the pipe

For the sake of economy, a special cable is used only in the area where it will be immersed in water. The remaining distance is covered by a regular PVS cable.

In any case, the cable cross-section must comply with the manufacturer’s recommendations specified in the pump data sheet.

Soldering is performed at the junction of the power cable and the pump cable. After this, the cable is closed with a special heat-shrink sleeve. To install it you will need a hair dryer

The pump can only be suspended from a stainless steel cable. Neither regular black steel nor its galvanized version are designed to withstand continuous use in water.

When lowering the pump in narrow areas, you can supplement the rotation of the pump with a small amount of pressure. But in any case, the pump must maintain a vertical position.

During installation of the pump, the well head may move slightly. You should make sure that the weight of the pump rests on the cable and is not supported by the pipe. Only after this the position of the head can be fixed with screws.