Any roof needs a drainage system; without it, the owners of a private house will face a lot of problems, from the destruction of the blind area to the flooding of the foundation. Roof flashings are considered one of the main components of this system, and then we will briefly go over the types and prices, after which I will tell you in detail how to make roof flashings with your own hands in 2 options.
Self-installation of roof drainage will save a significant part of the budget
Structural elements of the external drainage system
When designing a drainage system, the following design elements must be taken into account:
Elements of external drainage.
- Gutters. They are the main element of the drainage system. Must be strong enough, because... not only serve to drain rainwater, but also retain large volumes of snow in winter.
- Pipes. The water coming through the gutters is discharged into special receivers or sewers.
- Funnels. They are used to collect water from gutters and supply it to pipes.
- Plugs. They are installed at the ends of gutters and serve to protect against water overflow during heavy rainfalls.
- Mounting brackets. They fix the gutters in the desired position and give the structure stability.
- Rotations of gutters and pipe bends. Necessary for directing water flows in the right direction.
- Sealing gaskets and rubber rings. Provide a hermetically sealed connection between the gutters.
- Connecting couplings and clamps. They are used to secure pipes together and fasten them to the walls of the building.
Roof flashing parameters
Installing ebb linings on the roof is the last stage of work; before that, you first need to select and buy them.
Materials
At the moment, buying roof flashings is not a problem; choosing them is more difficult. I’ll tell you about prices later, but now let’s briefly go through the materials.
What are roof drains made of?
Photo
Materials
Cink Steel
The thickness of the sheet here does not exceed 1 mm, so the design is quite light, plus the price of drainage is quite reasonable.
Polymer coated steel
Here the steel sheet is coated with plastisol, polyester and other similar polymers. The stability of such a coating is an order of magnitude higher than that of conventional galvanization.
Aluminum
The main advantage of aluminum gutters is their light weight, plus this metal is not subject to corrosion, so it does not require painting.
Copper
Manufacturers provide a guarantee of 70 years for copper roof gutters, but they last much longer.
Copper is not afraid of aggressive chemicals, corrosion and other troubles, the only problem is that the price of such structures is several times higher than the cost of plastic or galvanized drainage systems.
Plastic
Now every third developer chooses plastic molding. The design is light, elegant, plus modern polymers do not fade in the sun.
Envious people say that plastic gutters are fragile, but if you choose a proper manufacturer and install the roof flashings correctly, they will last for decades.
Gutter shape
The shape of roof drains can be semicircular, rectangular or shaped. Strictly rectangular gutters, frankly speaking, are not for everyone. Their figured counterparts look original, but are much more expensive.
Semicircular types of gutters are considered the most convenient, practical and popular. Their advantage is that such structures do not have internal corners where dirt and debris constantly collect, and cleaning the roof gutter without special equipment is very problematic with your own hands.
As practice shows, semicircular roof flashings are the best option
Gutter calculation
To calculate the amount of material, you need the length of the perimeter and the square of the projection of the roof onto the ground (the square of the area under the house). According to the instructions, the length of one gutter directed into one funnel should not exceed 10 m, but in reality it is better to start from 5, maximum 7 m.
On long spans of roofing, the gutters are cut from the center to the sides, where drain funnels are installed at the corners. The arrangement of funnels and cutting points of straight roof spans depends on the configuration of the structure.
Installation of the drip tide is planned at the rate of 5 - 7 m of straight gutter per 1 drain funnel
- After measuring the roof perimeter, you need to add 10 - 15% to the total footage; they will be used for trimming and overlap at the joining points.
- If possible, a funnel should be installed at each corner of the roof.
- On average, support brackets are installed at 600 mm intervals.
When calculating the width of the gutter, this is the case. According to the rules, for every square meter of the roof plane there is 1.5 mm of width. That is, a 150 mm gutter is installed on a roof of 100 m². But in reality, professionals usually make it simpler.
- On the roofs of residential buildings with a roof area of up to 100 m², a gutter 100 mm wide is installed.
- For a square area of up to 120 m², the gutter width is taken to be 120 mm.
- For a square area of up to 150 m², the gutter width is taken to be 150 mm.
As for drainpipes, brackets and other accessories, stores usually come with it all included. You tell the width of the gutter and they select the entire system for you. When selecting fittings, it is advisable to choose pipes with a large diameter, this way there is less chance of clogging.
Metal roof drains can have several fitting options
Price issues
No matter how beautiful the roof flashings are, their price depends on 2 things. Firstly, brand awareness, and secondly, the price level in the region. I have calculated the average cost of roof drainage; you can use it as a guide, but you should not make final calculations.
Average price of roof casting
Material
Price per 1 m (Russian rubles)
Estimated cost
The scale of costs for equipping a home with a drainage system depends on several factors.
- Manufacturer. Domestic analogues are usually cheaper than foreign ones.
- Dimensions. We are talking about the length of the system, that is, the dimensions of the building, and the diameter of the tides.
- The type of flashings that are planned to be installed, or rather, the material from which they are made, and the shape of the structure.
For 1 linear meter you will need to pay from 100 to 900 rubles. You can find analogues and more expensive ones.
If you arrange the tides based on the average price, starting from the most affordable and ending with the most elite, it will look like this:
- 1st place – steel – about 100 rubles.
- 2nd place – plastic – 200 rubles.
- 3rd place – aluminum – 300 rubles.
- 4th place – copper – 900 rubles.
As an alternative to purchased sills, you can make them yourself. This way you can save additional money. The cost will correspond to the costs of the materials used.
How to make drains with your own hands
Zinc drain
Without inviting a specialist, drainage is easy to do yourself and quite inexpensive. In their manufacture, plastic, aluminum or galvanized sheet metal are most often used.
The simplest thing is to cut lengthwise a thin-walled metal pipe with a diameter of about 150 mm. The result will be: two gutters for collecting water. To prevent corrosion, it is recommended to coat these parts with special compounds or varnish of the desired color.
The last stage of work will be the direct installation of gutters using fastening material in places where moisture accumulates.
The production of ebb and flow from galvanized steel sheets is not particularly difficult. For this you will need: a sheet of galvanized metal seven millimeters thick, a machine for bending metal structures. This can be done without a machine with a hammer and mallet, using a corner or a piece of rail, but the appearance of the drain will be poor.
The galvanized sheet is cut into strips of the required width and corresponding sheet length. The strip is then placed in a machine where a cast is made from it. The finished elements are coated with a protective compound, dried and prepared for installation.
Calculation of materials for roof drainage
The required cross-sectional area of the groove can be established using SP 17.13330.2011. The document states that per square meter of roofing area there should be 1.5 cm² of gutter cross-section. Any competent installation of roof tides is also accompanied by a calculation of the average annual precipitation in the region. The procedure makes it possible to determine the cross-section of drainpipes in accordance with the recommendations of SP 32.13330.2012. It remains to determine their diameter in accordance with the instructions of SP 30.13330.
Some manufacturers provide their own tables for selecting an effective drainage system. Having decided on the standard size of the drainage system, all that remains is to select the elements of the kit. For example, on a straight wall for a riser you will need:
- Funnel groove.
- One elbow for lower outlet.
- Two elbows for connecting the pipe to the wall.
- One fastening for the funnel assembly and two for each pipe.
To get around the protrusions on the wall, you will need 4 more elbows and 2 pipes for connection. The ends of the gutter must be closed with plugs. The segments are arranged in such a way as to obtain a minimum of waste. Based on the number of joints, the number of connecting elements with seals is calculated.
Each gutter component is fixed with brackets at the ends with a 150mm offset. Along the remaining length, the fastenings are distributed at a distance of no more than 600 mm from each other, which corresponds to the pitch of the rafters. To install a 3-meter gutter, you need 6 brackets with a pitch of 500 mm.
How to calculate the diameter of ebb tides
In order to correctly install ebbs on the roof, it is necessary to correctly calculate its dimensions, since ebbs of insufficient depth and width may not cope with the function assigned to it.
The following values are used for calculations:
- distance between drainage outlets and gutter turning points;
- roof area.
To determine the area of the roof, it is conditionally divided into elements in the form of geometric shapes (rectangles, triangles, etc.) and the area of each of them is calculated. Then the results obtained are summarized.
On each slope it is necessary to install two gutters with a slope towards the pipe intended for drainage. The diameter of the gutter can be 100 or 125 millimeters; it is selected based on the intensity of the expected load on the drainage system. If the building is small, you can install gutters of a smaller diameter.
Materials
Due to the constant impact of unfavorable environmental factors (precipitation, temperature changes, sun, wind), the correct choice of ebb material is extremely important.
Modern tides are made from different materials.
Cink Steel
. For the manufacture of castings, steel is used in sheets up to 1 mm thick. For additional protection against corrosion and to add aesthetics to the structure, a coating of polyester, pural or plastisol is used.
Aluminum
. The thickness of the original sheets is 0.8-1 mm. To protect against corrosion, a special multi-colored varnish is used, which also improves the appearance of the tides.
Copper
. Can be used both without treatment and with oxidation or brass plating. It is considered the most beautiful, high-quality and durable material for making castings. It has a significant disadvantage - a high price.
Polymers
. Due to their low cost, increased strength, noiselessness, ultraviolet resistance and durability, polyester and plastisol have become widespread in the manufacture of castings. Due to their light weight and ease of installation, it is quite possible to install roof ebbs.
Product classification
The first criterion was mentioned above - this is the material. Low tides are divided into plastic and metal. PVC products benefit in price, but are inferior in rigidity. At negative temperatures they crack and cease to cope with their functions.
Rice. 1. Low sill, prepared for installation.
Metal additional elements are classified according to the base material and type of coating. There are:
- steel;
- aluminum;
- copper tides.
The thickness of any addition is 0.3..0.6 mm. The steel-based casting is well protected from corrosion, but is susceptible to acidic environments. To prevent rust, the metal is coated with a layer of zinc or polymer. If you want to order a galvanized metal casting , it is important to remember that it protects only moderately from the noise of raindrops. The best noise insulation properties are demonstrated by panels coated with pural, plastisol, and polyester. Polymers increase resistance to acidic environments.
Aluminum casting is resistant to everything - precipitation, ultraviolet radiation, acid rain. It can be cut to the required size with less effort and installed faster. Copper trim has similar advantages, only it is a little heavier and 2-3 times more expensive.
The second classification criterion is the design of the tide. The plank has a standard or Z-shaped profile. The design determines the scope of application of the ebb. A product with a standard bend is a reliable metal base (or roofing) casting.
Rice. 2. Base ebb.
The Z-shaped shelf has a double bend, one of which functions as a dropper. This metal casting to protect the foundation , install windows and parapets.
Stages of installation of drip tides
Installing a low tide is considered a fairly simple process, but it, in turn, requires responsibility and care so that in the end the result suits not only you, but also everyone living in the house.
Preparation
First you need to prepare all the consumables and tools so that the installation process does not stop for a moment. You will need the following consumables and items:
- Brackets (special fastenings);
- Pipe according to the height of the house;
- Connecting inserts;
- Self-tapping screws that are suitable for fixing the material used;
- Clamps for fastening the pipe to the walls of the house;
- Funnel;
- Gutter
First you need to prepare the tools for work:
At the initial stage, you need to prepare the place where water drains from the roof. Draining the water should not harm the greenery growing in the yard, the foundation of the house, or the paving slabs. If sewerage is already installed on your site, then this problem in itself is eliminated.
Lane marking
Installation must be carried out from the marking of the strip where the low tide will be recorded. First, a water intake funnel is installed, so a transverse line is designated for it. The holders are installed at a distance of 15 centimeters from the edges of the funnel, on both sides.
The vertical line drawn from the edge of the roof must fall closer to the wall of the building, and not to the very center of the gutter; this must be taken into account when installing holders and funnels.
This design helps water not pass through the edge during heavy rainfall. To do this, you also need to give the gutter a certain slope angle.
Marking the line for fastening the holders and tilting the gutter
Take a long board and a building level, and use them to draw a “zero” line along the bottom edge of the holder all the way to the fastening area of the last holder.
You will need to calculate the difference between the mounting height of the final and installed holders. This distance is multiplied by three. The bracket must be secured, taking into account all the calculations made. This line is marked using a tracing cord. The holders are installed at a distance, this distance is approximately half a meter. First, markings are made for all the holders and only then are they fastened.
Installation of gutters along the length
Parts of the gutter must be installed in the holders so that there are spaces for connecting inserts directly between the holders. Correctly installed sections are secured with inserts that have boundary marks. The distance between the edges of the gutters should be 7-12 cm.
The assembled gutter is placed in the holders, and the inclination is checked using water. Even a large amount of liquid must pass easily through the chute; if this does not happen, it means that the system needs to be rearranged again.
Installation of a drainpipe
If there are no damages or deficiencies, then you can begin installing the drainpipe, which is installed from the funnel itself. You can secure the pipe using an elbow, this will depend on the distance to the wall
It is important to pre-prepare the required number of pipes and all fastening elements so as not to interrupt installation at its final stage
Properly installed drip linings will give your home an attractive appearance and protect your home from the negative effects of moisture.
But even roof flashings made from the highest quality materials require constant care. It consists of periodically cleaning the gutters from dirt and debris. This is especially true with the arrival of cold weather, since if there is water in them, then when it freezes it can damage the entire system. Constant maintenance of drainage systems will protect not only the structure itself, but also the walls of the house.
Roof flashings
Installation of waste pipes
After gutters have been installed to collect liquid from the roof, drain pipes are installed and brought to the water collection point.
Step 1. The required length of the drain pipe is determined, which should be such as to connect the gutters with the elbow and the liquid outlet elbow. A hacksaw will help you cut the pipes to give them the required length. In general, the pipe should have such a length that the final bend, located at the outlet of the pipe, is at a distance of 20 cm from the ground or blind area. Otherwise, splashes of leaking liquid will fly in all directions.
Pipe cutting
Step 2. Pipe holders are mounted on the wall of the building. They are mounted so that the pipe takes a strictly vertical position or has a very slight slope. The distance between the individual brackets should be about 2 m, but one pipe should be held by two holders.
Distance between holders
Step 3. The brackets are fixed using reliable metal fasteners. First, the brackets are installed at the joints - for example, at the junction of a pipe with an elbow or a connecting pipe at the top. Next, the pipe itself is fixed on the installed brackets.
The bracket is attached with screws
Step 4. All drain elements are connected. To do this, a drain pipe, a pipe elbow, a connecting pipe (if necessary), and a drain elbow are connected to each other.
Connection of drain elements
Step 5. The structure is leveled, only after this the connecting pipe is attached to the gutter funnel.
The pipe is connected to the gutter funnel
Attention! Drain pipes should be installed approximately every 5-6 m along the roof edge to effectively remove water. It is also best to provide for their locations at the corners of the building, especially for houses with complex geometry.
Video - Installation of ebb tides
Types of roof flashings
Roof flashings can be made of various materials - plastic, metals (galvanized steel, copper). They have different shapes. The purpose of ebb tides is to collect water from the roof and drain it into the drainage system using special devices. This drainage element must have such characteristics as: increased strength, resistance to loads and mechanical stress, the presence of an anti-corrosion coating, and an attractive appearance.
The galvanized steel casting has a thickness of no more than 1 millimeter. Such products are additionally coated with polyester, pural, and plastisol. If the steel does not have such a coating, the house will not be very comfortable to live in: the sound of raindrops is greatly enhanced.
The aluminum casting has a thickness of 0.8-1 millimeters. To protect against corrosion, it is coated with varnish on all sides. To improve the appearance of the product, varnishes of various colors can be used.
Copper castings are subjected to brass plating or oxidation. Elements made of this metal are durable and have an attractive appearance. They will last a long time, but their cost is quite high.
Choosing a gutter shape
The gutters through which water flows can be:
- rectangular;
- rounded;
- triangular.
It is into the gutters that water enters from the roof surface, which is then discharged in the desired direction. Without them installed, drainage will not flow smoothly and water can cause damage to your home.
The gutters through which water flows can be of various shapes Source staltd.ru
The shape of the gutter plays not only an aesthetic role. It depends on how well the water flows.
Advice! Experienced craftsmen consider a rounded shape to be more functional. It is less likely to cause blockages as a result of debris, dry leaves and dust. Therefore, you will have to clean it less often.
Design and purpose of drainage
The drainage system is a combination of main and auxiliary components of the structure. The main ones include gutters, funnels and pipes, and the auxiliary ones include plugs and fasteners.
Based on placement, a distinction is made between internal and external drainage systems. Internal is used for buildings with a flat roof. In this case, the roofing material is laid with an inclination towards the funnel. Water flowing down the roof is collected in a funnel, then enters a pipe located in the wall of the building or in a technical channel.
External drainage system is used for pitched roofs. All structural elements are installed on the outside of the building.
The main purpose of drainage is to drain melt and rainwater from the roof of a building to a designated place.
If there are no ebb tides, water falling from the roof will destroy the concrete blind area or paving slabs around the building.
The accumulation of excess water in the soil around the house will lead to flooding of the basement and basement floors. Absorbing into the soil, the water will wash away the foundation of the house. As a result, it will begin to sag and cracks will appear on the walls. The operation of such a building will become unsafe.
Purpose
There are three types of systems that remove moisture from precipitation from the house: storm water, drainage, and roofing. Roof flashing is a drainage system with the help of which precipitation moisture is collected from the roof and its discharge is organized to designated places for receiving. It protects the roof, blind area, and foundation from premature wear and destruction.
Materials for low tides
The drainage system consists of a set of standard products. Before making a choice of a particular material, you need to familiarize yourself with the parameters of this system.
Correctly determine how well the unified elements fit the facade of the house. The main elements of the drainage system are gutters and pipes.
The video below shows the design of a roof drainage system.
Today there are various types of these products on the market for free sale. The kit necessarily includes brackets, plugs, clamps and other elements.
When planning to install ebb tides yourself, you need to carefully familiarize yourself with the parameters of the products that are offered for sale.
Galvanized castings
Until recently, galvanized steel was widely used for the manufacture of moldings.
The main advantage of products of this type is their low price.
The destruction of zinc coating occurs under the influence of acid rain, which has become increasingly frequent in recent decades.
Aluminum ebbs
Aluminum products have a longer service life.
You can make them yourself or buy them ready-made and paint them in a color suitable for a particular building.
The gutters are secured using rivets or aluminum glue.
Sealing the joints can be done with silicone or a special paste.
Copper casts
Copper tides are considered the most durable.
The products are made from pure metal and do not have additional coatings.
The elements are connected to each other by soldering or folding.
Installation of copper gutters must be done in such a way as to avoid contact with other metals - copper or steel.
PVC sills
Today, plastic products are most widespread.
To install such systems, couplings, latches with rubber seals and special glue are used.
Plastic castings are not subject to corrosion and retain their characteristics even with maximum temperature changes.
Types of tides
Low tides can be made from absolutely any materials, as well as in any forms. The main task of this design is to collect water from the roof surface and then transport it to the drainage or sewer system.
Differences between casts by material:
- Flashings made of galvanized steel. The thickness of this structure does not exceed one millimeter. For these ebbs, a coating using plastisol or polyester is provided, this is done in order to muffle the noise of falling raindrops, otherwise the steel surface will only amplify this sound;
- Aluminum castings. The thickness of this structure is also about one millimeter. Aluminum castings are treated with a special varnish on both sides in order to protect the product from possible corrosion;
- Raw copper is also a material for making castings. These structures are additionally processed with an alloy of zinc and copper. They are characterized by an attractive appearance and high quality, although the price of ebb tides can be very high for some consumers.
- Moldings made of plastisol and polyester have high durability and strength. In addition, they are characterized by resistance to ultraviolet rays and low weight. Due to these characteristics, they are very popular today. Also pleasing is the convenient installation of products, which you can do yourself;
- Plastic ebbs will help highlight the individuality of your home, offering a huge range of colors for the construction. These products do not require special care and are not afraid of temperature changes. The enormous popularity of plastic sills is also explained by the fact that they create almost no noise when it rains and have an affordable price.
Factors that influence the choice of tide
All roof flashings must perform the following functions:
- high resistance to external factors, including precipitation and sudden temperature changes;
- an aesthetic function that provides a beautiful appearance to your home;
- protection of the roof and walls from moisture.
The choice of tide depends precisely on the absence or presence of these basic characteristics. Each of the above materials has its own special advantages, but some of them are more pronounced, others are not so visible.
At the moment, preference is given to ebbs made of plastic and metal. Such products are coated with a special layer that protects them from corrosion. The quality of the product depends significantly on the grade of steel and its thickness.
Castings made from non-ferrous metals are also popular due to their high quality, attractive appearance and durability. But their price is an order of magnitude higher than conventional products, so they are available only to those people who are willing to allocate the necessary (considerable) amount of money for the installation of this system.
Plastic casts
These ebbs will serve perfectly if the attic of the house is used as a living room.
The main advantages of installing plastic ebbs include:
- Ease of use and speed of installation are achieved due to the light weight of the product;
- Affordable price;
- The size of the ebb is equal to the length of the perimeter of the structure;
- A convenient connection method is a clamp lock;
- Corrosion resistance;
- Several types of material - polyethylene and PVC;
- Resistance to temperature changes and weather conditions;
- Plastic ebbs are varied in color and design, this makes it possible to choose the desired option specifically for your home project.
It should be noted that ebbs made from polyvinyl chloride are a little more reliable, this is due to their heat resistance. But they still cannot withstand low temperatures. Also, during installation, a pipe with a cross-section of at least 45 mm will be required as an addition.
Calculation of the required drainage diameter
Before starting work on installing the ebb, you need to make calculations of its dimensions, otherwise you risk building a structure that will not perform its main functions.
The roof area can be calculated according to this principle: the area is equal to the length of the roof, including the height of the roof plus the length of the slope, this value is divided in half.
It is necessary to take into account the distances between drainage systems and between the turning points of the gutter. Gutters must be located above the drainage system.
For each roof slope, it is necessary to consider installing two gutters; the diameter of one structure should be no more than 125 millimeters.
Preparatory work
First of all, you need to purchase the necessary parts for the ebb. Their number must be calculated in advance. You can calculate the footage of the ebb tray by adding approximately 10-15% to the length of the perimeter of the structure, which will be used for overlapping at the joints and trimming parts.
When choosing a gutter, pay attention to the brackets available for sale. For the chosen gutter, you need suitable fasteners (ideally original ones), as well as funnels and other parts.
If the finishing materials of the roof have not yet been laid, then use brackets with long holders that are attached to the rafters, with a small recess in the board (shallow recesses are made so that the surface of the holders is flush with the top of the rafters or boards laid on them). If the roof is completely laid, then fasteners with short holders or compact ones are chosen.
Tools:
- Tool for bending bracket holders,
- Hacksaw for metal,
- Screwdriver,
- Level,
- Fishing line or construction cord,
- Self-tapping screws,
- Silicone Grease,
- Marker,
- Adjustable pliers.
By following some simple rules, you can set the tide correctly the first time.
